Paradoxum Fermianum
Paradoxum Fermianum est discrepantia inter mancum argumentum conclusivum vitae extraterrestris provectae et simul magnam eius existentiae probabilitatem. Ut legamus apud commentarium anni 2015, "Si vita tam facilis est, quidam ex aliquo loco nunc vocationem habuisset."[1][2]
Henricus Fermi fuit physicus natione Italo-Americanus, de quo paradoxum appellatur propter convivium cum Eduardo Teller, Herberto York, et Aemilio Konopinski, aliis physicis sodalibus. Qui viri prandientes de relationibus rerum inexplicatarum volantium (RIV)? et possibilitate itineris luce longioris confabulabantur. Sermo ad alias res transiit, cum Fermi divulgasset: "Sed ubi sunt omnes?"[3][4]
Multi paradoxum Fermianum solvere diversimode conati sunt,[5][6] ut raritatem entium extraterrestrium intelligentium, breve talium civilizationum aevum supponerent.
Ratiocinandi catena
recensereNonnulla quae infra sequuntur sunt facta et coniecturae quae una prosunt?, ut contradictio illustretur.
- Sunt billiones stellarum in Via Lactea similes Soli[7][8]
- Admodum verisimile est, quasdam harum stellarum planetas terrestres esse intra zonam habitabilem circumstellarem.
- Harum stellarum quaedam, earum inde planetae, multo antiquiores sunt Sole.[9][10]. Si planetae terrestres typici sunt, in quodam eorum vita intelligens se evolvit.
- Fieri potest his civilizationibus contigisse, ut iter interstellare provexerint, gressus quem? homines nunc indagant.
- Etiam praeter lentum progressum itineris interstellaris, galaxia Via Lactea percurri poterit millionibus paucorum annorum.
- Cum stellae Soli pares annorum billione antiquiores sunt Sole, Tellus visitari potuerit.
- Verumtamen, non est argumentum firmum quod factum est.
Historia
recensereFermi haud primus hanc quaestionem attulit. Mentio prior implicita facta est a Constantino Ciołkowski in manuscripto non edito ex anno 1933.[11] Annotavit, "homines entium intelligentium praesentiam denegare in planetis universi", quoniam "(i) si talia entia exstarent, Tellurem iamdudum visitassent" et (ii) "si tales civilizationes exstarent, nobis signum quodpiam dedissent de sua exsistentia." Hoc non erat paradoxum aliis, qui hoc ut absentiam vitae extraterrestris sumpsissent. Ille vitae extraterrestri et possibilitati itineris spatialis credebat. Proinde proposuit hypothesem quae postea ut hypothesis horti zoologici innotescebat et supposuit humanitatem nondum paratam esse ut nobiscum consocientur.[12] Vicissim, Tsiolkovsky ipse non primus fuit qui paradoxum detegisset, ut testimonia aliorum hominum protulit, qui praemissum, quod civilizationes extraterrestres exstarent, renuebant.
Anno 1975, Michael H. Hart primus in lucem protulit exquisitam paradoxi examinationem. Arguit, quodsi entia extraterrestria exstant, itinerisque spatialis capacia sunt, in galaxia colonias collocassent brevius quam aetas Telluris. Verumtamen, non est indicium observabile eos hic fuisse, quod Hart "Factum A" appellavit.
Alia nomina quae ad quaestionem Fermianam coniunguntur ("Ubi sunt ii?") silentium universi[13][14][15] includunt, quamvis hi tantum unam paradoxi portionem revocent, quod homines nullum indicium vident aliarum civilizationum.
Bibliographia
recensere- Rebecca Boyle and Quanta Magazine (March 10, 2019). "Moving Stars Might Speed the Spread of Alien Life". The Atlantic
- Ćirković, Milan [1] Formula:Webarchive Why we downplay Fermi's paradox. Nautilus
- Ćirković, Milan The Great Silence: Science and Philosophy of Fermi's Paradox The Great Silence Oxford University Press
- Crowe, Michael J. (2008). The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, Antiquity to 1915. University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-02368-3
- Forgan, Duncan H. (2019). Solving Fermi's Paradox. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107163652
- Michaud, Michael (2006). Contact with Alien Civilizations: Our Hopes and Fears about Encountering Extraterrestrials. Copernicus Books. ISBN 978-0-387-28598-6
- Zuckerman, Ben; Hart, Michael H. (1995). Extraterrestrials: Where Are They?. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44803-1
Notae
recensere- ↑ Anglice "If life is so easy, someone from somewhere must have come calling by now."
- ↑ Overbye, Dennis (3 Augusti 2015). "The Flip Side of Optimism about Life on Other Planets". The New York Times.
- ↑ Anglice "But where is everybody?" Etiamsi citatio accurata incerta sit.
- ↑ Overbye, Dennis (3 Augusti 2015). "The Flip Side of Optimism about Life on Other Planets". The New York Times.
- ↑ If the Universe Is Teeming with Aliens . . . WHERE IS EVERYBODY?: Seventy-Five Solutions to the Fermi Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life, Second Edition, Stephen Webb, foreword by Martin Rees, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer International Publishing, 2002, 2015.
- ↑ Urban, Tim (17 Iunii 2014). "The Fermi Paradox". Huffington Post.
- ↑ Star (astronomy) "With regard to mass, size, and intrinsic brightness, the Sun is a typical star." Technically, the sun is near the middle of the main sequentia diagrammatis Hertzsprung–Russellensis. Quae sequentia ab 80 ad 90 centesimas stellarum galaxiae continet. Formula:Webarchive.
- ↑ Grevesse, N.; Noels, A.; Sauval, A. J. (1996). "Standard abundances". p. 117
- ↑ Aguirre, V. SilvaErratum: Verbum "etal" non recognitum. (2015). "Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 452 (2): 2127–2148. arXiv:1504.07992
- ↑ Schilling, G. (13 Iunii 2012). "ScienceShot: Alien Earths Have Been Around for a While". Science
- ↑ Tsiolkovsky, K. (1933). The Planets are Occupied by Living Beings, Archives of the Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, Kaluga, Russia. Vide original text Russice scriptum Wikisource.
- ↑ Lytkin, V.; Finney, B.; Alepko, L. (December 1995). "Tsiolkovsky – Russian Cosmism and Extraterrestrial Intelligence". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 36 (4): 369
- ↑ Brin, Glen David (August 1983). "The Great Silence - The Controversy Concerning Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 24 (3): 283–309.
- ↑ Annis, James (1999). "An Astrophysical Explanation for the Great Silence". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 52 (1): 19. arXiv:astro-ph/9901322.
- ↑ Milan M. Ćirković (2009). "Fermi's Paradox – The Last Challenge for Copernicanism?". Serbian Astronomical Journal 178 (178): 1–20. arXiv:0907.3432