Leges morales robotorum

Leges morales robotorum, sive leges Asimovianae, sunt praecepta mores robotorum temperantia, quae ab Isaaco Asimov, scriptore fabularum pseudoscientificarum, primum anno 1942 promulgata sunt in fabella "Runaround", etsi auctor iam prius eas ruminasse videtur.^[1] Primum tres dedit leges:^[2]

Robotum cuiquam homini ne noceto, neve incuria patito cuiquam homini noceri.
Robotum hominibus oboedito, praeterquam si hoc primam legem offendat.
Robotum se defendito, praeterquam si hoc primam secundamve legem offendat.

Robotum praeasimovianum. Nam ad huiusmodi casus Asimov leges morales robotorum tulit.

Asimov has leges "morales" quae, quomodo robota erga homines se gerere debeant, instituit, ut antiquiorem mutaret opinionem ad robota pertinentem, nam robota apud priores scriptores creatorem suum occidere, deletricique agitata cupidine varia formidabilia committere solebant. His autem legibus Asimov robota in culturam humanam inferre atque ad usum hominis domare voluit.^[3]

Hae leges tres primum in fabella "Runaround" (1942) introductae postea ab Asimov aliisque scriptoribus aliquantum inmutatae et circumscriptae sunt, sed quoddam corpus constans faciunt, quod litteras pseudoscientificas pervaserunt, et in multis libris, pelliculis, aliisque instrumentis communicationis referuntur. In posterioribus fabulis, ubi robota planetarum et humanitatis administrationem susceperunt, Asimov quartam vel zeroticam legem, ceteris praecedentem, addidit:

Robotum humanitati ne noceto, neve incuria patito humanitati damnum adferri.

Oboedientia legum Asimovianarum in omnibus quae in fabulis prodeunt robotis positronicis inaedificata est, nec robota libero arbitrio uti possunt. Complures ex fabulis ab Asimov scriptis repente agentia proferunt robota, quae illas tres leges inopinatis modis intellegunt. Alii auctores, quorum opera in universo commenticio Asimoviano conlocata sunt, illarum legum trinitatem usu receperunt, nam legum mentio saepissime fit in litteris variorum generum.

Notae

↑ Asimov 1942: 100.
↑
Sic Anglice:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
↑ Sholes & Rabkin 1977: 59, 61.

Bibliographia

Asimov, Isaac (1942) Runaround. Astounding Science-Fiction 29 (1): 94-132.
Laßmann, Gunter (2017) Asimov Robotergesetze. Was leisten sie wirklich? Heise Medien.
Sholes, Robert & Rabkin, Eric S. (1977) Science fiction: History – Science – Vision. Oxford University Press.

[1] Asimov 1942: 100.

[2] Sic Anglice:
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

[3] A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

[4] A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

[5] A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

[3] Sholes & Rabkin 1977: 59, 61.

[7] A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

[8] A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

[9] A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

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