Holothuroidea

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Holothuroidea sunt classis animalium phyli Echinodermatum, corpore inter cutem in fundo maris ubique inventum.

Actinopyga echinites

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Animalia — Echinodermata

Subphylum : Echinozoa 
Classis : Holothuroidea 

   

Subdivisiones: Subclasses et ordines

*Subclassis Apodacea

• • Apodida
  • Molpadiida
• Subclassis Aspidochirotacea
  • Aspidochirotida
  • Elasipodida
• Subclassis Dendrochirotacea
  • Dactylochirotida
  • Dendrochirotida

Phylogenia

Thelenota ananas

Synapta maculata

Apud World Register of Marine Species:

• ordo Apodida Brandt, 1835
  • familia Chiridotidae Östergren, 1898
  • familia Myriotrochidae Théel, 1877
  • familia Synaptidae Burmeister, 1837
• ordo Dendrochirotida Grube, 1840
  • familia Cucumariidae Ludwig, 1894
  • familia Cucumellidae Thandar & Arumugam, 2011
  • familia Heterothyonidae Pawson, 1970
  • familia Paracucumidae Pawson & Fell, 1965
  • familia Phyllophoridae Östergren, 1907
  • familia Placothuriidae Pawson & Fell, 1965
  • familia Psolidae Burmeister, 1837
  • familia Rhopalodinidae Théel, 1886
  • familia Sclerodactylidae Panning, 1949
  • familia Vaneyellidae Pawson & Fell, 1965
  • familia Ypsilothuriidae Heding, 1942
• ordo Elasipodida Théel, 1882
  • familia Deimatidae Théel, 1882
  • familia Elpidiidae Théel, 1882
  • familia Laetmogonidae Ekman, 1926
  • familia Pelagothuriidae Ludwig, 1893
  • familia Psychropotidae Théel, 1882
• ordo Holothuriida Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
  • familia Holothuriidae Burmeister, 1837
  • familia Mesothuriidae Smirnov, 2012
• ordo Molpadida Haeckel, 1896
  • familia Caudinidae Heding, 1931
  • familia Eupyrgidae Semper, 1867
  • familia Molpadiidae Müller, 1850
• ordo Persiculida Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
  • familia Gephyrothuriidae Koehler & Vaney, 1905
  • familia Molpadiodemidae Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
  • familia Pseudostichopodidae Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
• ordo Synallactida Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
  • familia Stichopodidae Haeckel, 1896
  • familia Synallactidae Ludwig, 1894

Holothuroidea commercii

Inter species a piscatoribus ad venditandum quaesitas sunt:

• Holothuria scabra
• Holothuria arguinensis
• Holothuria spinifera
• Holothuria fuscogilva
• Holothuria nobilis
• Actinopyga mauritiana
• Apostichopus japonicus
• Parastichopus californicus
• Thelenota ananas
• Acaudina molpadioides

Nexus interni

• Echinodermata
• Echinoidea

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Holothuroidea spectant.

Vide "Holothuroidea" apud Vicispecies.

Pinacotheca

• 
  Euapta godeffroyi (Apodida)
• 
  Cercodemas anceps (Dendrochirotida)
• 
  Scotoplanes globosa (Elasipodida)
• 
  Holothuria cinerascens (Holothuriida)
• 
  Paracaudina australis (Molpadida)
• 
  Hansenothuria benti (Persiculida)
• 
  Stichopus chloronotus (Synallactida)

• 
  Stichopus herrmanni
• 
  Pelagothuria natatrix
• 
  Cucumis marinus in Mari Nostro.
• 
  Os holuthuroidei.
• 
  Os holuthuroidei, cum tentaculis.
• 
  Holothuria leucospilota et Synapta maculata.

Reproductio.

Echinodermata

Haec stipula ad Echinodermatum spectat. Amplifica, si potes!