Gazi

Gazi (Arabice: غازي, ġāzī, "is, qui expeditionem suscipit, aggressor, occupator") originaliter bellatorem Islamicum valet, qui „in Dei via in Gihad pugnat": "al-ġāzī fī sabīli ʾllāh".

In religione Islamica omni laude dignus habetur, qui ut Gazi expeditionis contra infideles particeps fiat; tamen hic sensus notionis non in Alcorano, sed demum in Hadit invenitur.^[1]

In Anatolia, ubi erat limes inter mundum Christianum et Islamicum, Gazi antonymo fungebatur Acritae byzantini.^[2]^[3]

Postea Gazi titulus Islamicus adhibitus est ad occupatores, equites, gubernatores honorandos et pro meritis in pugna partis deferri solebat. Multis sultanis Ottomanicis erat cognomen Gazi.^[4]

Verbum Gazi etiam hodie in Turcia multis modis in usu est, ut quaedam coniunctio cum cultura Ottomanorum demonstretur. Etiam Cemal Ataturcus ob victoriam de Graecis hoc titulo ornatus est.

Homines

Ottomanus I Gazi (natus 1258, mortuus 1326) Imperium Ottomanicum Bursae condidit.
Orchanes I Gazi (natus 1281; mortuus 1360), filius Ottomani I. Ex hoc sultano urbs Orhangazi nomen cepit.
Ghazi I (natus 1912; mortuus 1939) fuit rex Iraci ab anno 1933 usque ad annum 1939.

Notae

↑ A. J. Wensinck, J. P. Mensing et alii: Concordance et Indices de la Tradition Musulmane. Brill, Lugduni Batavorum. 1962. Vol. 4, p. 488-489 (vide. n. ġāzin)
↑ I. Mélikoff Ghāzī in: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition - In this zone where the Ghazis were fighting against the akritai, guardians of the Byzantine frontiers who were themselves often recruited from among Turkish mercenaries [...]
↑ Elizabeth A. Zachariadou Udj in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition - In mediaeval Eastern Anatolia, those entrusted with the defence of the marches, in which they were established, were called ékrḪtai on the Byzantine side and ghāzīs [q.v.] on the Muslim one.
↑ Halil İnalcık: Devlet-i Aliyye - Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Üzerine Araştırmalar 1 - Klasik Dönem (1302-1606), p.25 - Osmanlı sultanları son padişaha kadar gazi ünvanını en başta tercih ettikleri bir ünvan olarak kullanmışlardır.

[1] A. J. Wensinck, J. P. Mensing et alii: Concordance et Indices de la Tradition Musulmane. Brill, Lugduni Batavorum. 1962. Vol. 4, p. 488-489 (vide. n. ġāzin)

[2] I. Mélikoff Ghāzī in: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition - In this zone where the Ghazis were fighting against the akritai, guardians of the Byzantine frontiers who were themselves often recruited from among Turkish mercenaries [...]

[3] Elizabeth A. Zachariadou Udj in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition - In mediaeval Eastern Anatolia, those entrusted with the defence of the marches, in which they were established, were called ékrḪtai on the Byzantine side and ghāzīs [q.v.] on the Muslim one.

[4] Halil İnalcık: Devlet-i Aliyye - Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Üzerine Araştırmalar 1 - Klasik Dönem (1302-1606), p.25 - Osmanlı sultanları son padişaha kadar gazi ünvanını en başta tercih ettikleri bir ünvan olarak kullanmışlardır.

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