Bixa orellana

Bixa orellana (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum), Latinitate communi aceote,^[3] est frutex ordinis Malvalium cuius semina ad pigmentum et condimentum adhibentur. Species e regionibus tropicis Americae australis orta iamdudum in media America insulisque Caribicis colitur. Americani indigenae pigmento rubro ad faciem corpusque pingendum utebantur.

Capsae seminum Bixa orellana

Plantae — Angiospermae

Eudicotyledones
Rosidae
Ordo : Malvales
Familia : Bixaceae
Genus : Bixa
Species : B. orellana

Bixa orellana
L.

Synonyma

*Bixa tinctaria Salisb.

Orellana orellana (L.) Kuntze^[1]
Bixa orleana Noronha
Bixa americana Poir.
Bixa purpurea Sweet
Bixa odorata Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don
Bixa acuminata Bojer
Orellana americana (Poir.) Kuntze^[1]
Bixa upatensis Ram.Goyena
Bixa katangensis Delpierre^[2]

Species culta tantum Bixa orellana e silvestri B. urucurana Willd., in Amazonia endemica, domesticatam esse censetur.^[4] Semina Bixae orellanae in locis archaeologicis reperiuntur Plum Piece insulae Sabae annis circiter 3 650 a.p. frequentato,^[5] Caral in Peruvia inter annos 3 000 et 1 800 a.p., apud Calima in Columbia inter annos 1 310 et 700 a.p., in valle fluminis Peruaçu in Brasilia inter 1 010 et 570 a.p. Verbum sensu "pigmentum Bixae orellanae" in protolingua Maya, anno circiter 2 400 a.p. usitata, reconstructum est.^[6]

Notae recensere

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kuntze (1925)
↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
↑ Colmenero Latine (1644) p. 12
↑ Kuntze (1925); Rivera-Madrid et al. (2016)
↑ J. R. Pagán–Jiménez, "Human–plant dynamics in the pre–colonial Antilles: A synthetic update" in W. F. Keegan, C. L. Hofman, R. R. Ramos, edd., The Oxford handbook of Caribbean archaeology (Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 2013) pp. 391–406
↑ C. H. Brown, "Development of agriculture in prehistoric Mesoamerica: the linguistic evidence" in J. E. Staller, M. D. Carrasco, edd., Pre–Columbian foodways: inter-disciplinary approaches to food, culture and markets in ancient Mesoamerica (Novi Eboraci: Springer, 2010) pp. 71–107; Rivera-Madrid et al. (2016)

Bibliographia recensere

Antiquiora

1631 : Antonius Colmenero de Ledesma, Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate. Matriti (Textus apud Google Books);Marcus Aurelius Severinus Tarsensis, interpr., Chocolata inda: opusculum de qualitate et natura chocolatae. Sevilla, 1644 p. 12
1658 : Iacobus Bontius; Gulielmus Piso, ed., De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica libri (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) textus (pars iii pp. 199-200 apud Google Books) ("Achiote arbor")
1742 : Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense (Amstelaedami: Chanquion, 1741-1750) vol. 2 p. 79 et tab. 19; cf. E. D. Merrill, An Interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. Manilae: Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Science, 1917 p. 376
1753 : Carolus Linnaeus, Species plantarum (Holmiae: impensis L. Salvii, 1753) vol. 1 p. 512 (Latine)
1925 : C. Kuntze, "Bixaceae: Orellana orellana, Orellana americana" in A. Engler, K. Prantl, edd., Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2a ed. vol. 21 (Lipsiae: Engelmann, 1925) p. 315

Recentiora

Priscila Ambrósio Moreira, Juliana Lins, Gabriel Dequigiovanni, Charles R. Clement, "The Domestication of Annatto (Bixa orellana) from Bixa urucurana in Amazonia" in Economic Botany vol. 69 fasc. 2 (2015)
Renata Rivera-Madrid, Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa, Yair Cardenas-Conejo, Luz Elena Garza-Caligaris, "Carotenoid Derivates in Achiote (Bixa orellana) Seeds: Synthesis and Health Promoting Properties" in Frontiers in Plant Science vol. 7 no. 1406 (2016)