Usor:Jondel/agenda/panto
http://www.britannica.com/facts/5/384771/pantomimus-as-discussed-in-Western-dance
Imperatore Augusto (63 bc–ad 14) pantomimi[1] apud romanos, historias cum motibus artificiosis elegantibusque corporis reddebant. Hi pantomimi primum aestimabantur ut interpretes linguarum alienorum ob rem venissent ex Graecia.
with the Romans under the emperor Augustus (63 bc–ad 14) was the wordless, spectacular pantomime that rendered dramatic stories by means of stylized gestures. The performers, known as pantomimi, were at first considered more or less as interpreters of a foreign language, since they came from Greece. They refined their art...
http://www.britannica.com/facts/5/384771/pantomimus-as-discussed-in-Western-dance
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Pantomimus.html
Romanorum sub Augustus (BC-LXIII ad XIV) wordless erat, ut redderetur pantomimus spectacular stories tragicus stylized per motum. Actores, pantomimi cognomen, primo considerandum plus minus interpretes alienae linguae, cum e Graecia venerunt. Ipsis exquisitae artis ...
pantomimi, saltator nonspeaking theatro Romano facientes scenes tragicus agens omnes rationes in historia successive personas uti tantummodo corporis motu, numerosos ponere gestus. The pantomimus, qui interpretatur 'omnia imitator, factus uideri quod de hospitio fuit Romae fashionable regnante Augustus (Gaius-XIV LXIII CE) mansit populi in historia Imperii Romani.
Romanus eius diversa pantomimus pariter soror popular forma Mimus dupliciter eius fere altior themes devitans pulla mimo humor qui solent typus et dissimilis, typus actor et variis personis pantomimus portabat quae idem sed personas excluditur actor's vultus usu. Sic pantomimus arte ex primam et gestu status, in quo motus maxume manu et magno expressa. (Singula enim duo tractatus formas vide et pantomimus typus).
The pantomimus ornatu tragoedus pallio et tunica longa plerumque facta solo comitante orchestra constans est varia percussione vento instrument. Interim chorus canebat narrationem vel reci rentur, quae in libretto fastidium consuetudine nota a tragedy historicus vel cum etiam stories fabulares erant communia. Tam music of pantomimum librettos vulgo censentur artis parum datur. Ingenium et artem sunt pantomimus summa rerum et maximus usus Performers dives gratia principum etiam patres, ut Nerone Domitiano in ce Saeculum 1. Decried veteres, sensuale gestus lascivus interdum a saltatores se Augustinus pantomimus arguebant quasi magis honeste periculosius Romani circi. Quamquam talem et ingentis usus popularis pantomimi felicitas toto Imperio, multi satis potest res adquirere.
pantomimi , <a class="bps-assembly-container" href="/EBchecked/media/6839/Drawing-of-an-ancient-Roman-pantomimus-wearing-a-mask-and" type="10" media_id="6839"><img alt="Drawing of an ancient Roman pantomimus wearing a mask and tunic.
[Credit: Historical Pictures Service, Chicago]" title="Drawing of an ancient Roman pantomimus wearing a mask and tunic.
[Credit: Historical Pictures Service, Chicago]" src="http://cache-media.britannica.com/eb-media/77/9977-003-B9CD8A68.gif" width="100" height="152"></a>nonspeaking dancer in the <a name="ref1069163" id="ref1069163" class="bps-ref-anchor"></a><a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/507905/ancient-Rome" title="Roman">Roman</a> theatre who performed dramatic scenes, acting all the characters in a story in succession using only <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/367906/mask" title="masks">masks</a>, body movement, and rhythmic gestures. The pantomimus, whose name means “imitator of everything,” was the central figure of an entertainment that became fashionable in <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/508807/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> during the reign of <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/43047/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (63 bce–14 ce) and remained popular throughout the history of the <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/507739/Roman-Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.
The Roman pantomime differed from its equally popular sister form, <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/1452384/mime-and-pantomime" title="mime">mime</a>, in two ways: its themes were usually loftier, avoiding the farce and coarse humour that were common in mime; and, unlike the mime actor, the pantomimus wore various masks, which identified the characters but precluded the actor’s use of <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/199946/facial-expression" title="facial expressions">facial expressions</a>. Thus the art of the pantomimus was primarily one of posture and gesture, in which hand movements were particularly expressive and important. (For a more detailed treatment of these two forms, see <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/1452384/mime-and-pantomime" title="mime and pantomime">mime and pantomime</a>.)
The pantomimus, dressed like a tragic actor in a cloak and long tunic, usually performed solo, accompanied by an orchestra consisting of various <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/645041/wind-instrument" title="wind">wind</a> and <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/451167/percussion-instrument" title="percussion">percussion</a> instruments. Meanwhile, a chorus sang or recited a narrative piece, the libretto of which was usually adapted from a well-known tragedy, although historical or mythological stories also were common. Both the music and the librettos of the pantomimes were generally considered to be of little artistic value. The talent and skill of the pantomimus were of supreme importance, and the greatest performers enjoyed the favour of wealthy patricians and even emperors, such as <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/409505/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> and <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/168802/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a> in the 1st century ce. The early <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/115240/Christianity" title="Christians">Christians</a> decried the sensual, sometimes lascivious gestures of the dancers, and <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="/EBchecked/topic/42902/Saint-Augustine" title="St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a> himself denounced the pantomime as being more morally dangerous than the Roman circus. Despite such opposition, the pantomimi enjoyed enormous popularity and success throughout the Roman Empire, and many were able to amass considerable fortunes.