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[[Imago:Hrabanus-maurus-glass.jpg|thumb|Imago mediaevalis quae hominem ampullam vitream elaborantem monstrat.]]
'''Vitrum''' est [[status materiae]] qui obtinetur cum [[plasticum]] sub [[temperatura]]m [[transitio vitrea|transitionis vitreae]] refrigeratur. Et vitrum et [[plasticum]] sunt [[Solidum|solidi amorphi]] species, sed vitrum difficilius fluit, et rigidum contra impositam [[tensio mechanica|tensionem mechanicam]] frangit. Quoque dicitur vitrum materiae quae temperaturis ambientibus statum vitreum usitate ostendunt.
Vitra formari possunt, cum materiae ex longis catenis [[polymerum|polymericis]] componuntur, quae [[crystallum|crystalla]] formari non sinunt. Materiae possunt esse [[polymerum organicum|polymera organica]] aut [[ceramica]]e. Usitate vitra sunt transparentia, fragibilia, et rigida, sed impuritates adduntur ut colores habeant aut ut aliae proprietates mollificentur.
Ex [[Aetas Lapidea|aetate lapidea, vitra naturalia, maxime [[obsidianus]], adhibita sunt ad instrumenta secandi acria elaboranda, et multum commercium habebant ob regiones limitadas ubi inveniuntur. Plerumque autem evidentiae archaeologicae suggerit primum vitrum verum in litoris Syrianis, Mesopotamia, aut Regno Veteri Aegypti elaboratum est.
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Naturally occurring glass, especially obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded. But in general, archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or Old Kingdom Egypt.[37] Due to Egypt's favorable environment for preservation, the majority of well-studied early glass is found in Egypt, although some of this is likely to have been imported. The earliest known glass objects, of the mid third millennium BC, were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of metal-working slags or during the production of faience, a pre-glass vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing.[38]
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== Vide etiam ==
*[[Vitrum (discretiva)]]
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