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'''Pitcairn Insulae,''' vulgo '''Pitkern Ailen,''' sunt circulus quattuor insularum [[mons ignifer|volcanicarum]]
Insulae are best known for being the home of the descendants of the [[Mutiny on the Bounty|''Bounty'' mutineers]] and the [[Tahiti]]ans who accompanied them, an event retold in numerous books and films. This story is still apparent in the surnames of many of the islanders. With only 48 inhabitants (from nine families), Pitcairn is also notable for being the least populated jurisdiction in the world (although it is not a [[sovereign nation]]). The [[United Nations]] Committee on Decolonization includes the Pitcairn Islands on the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]].<ref>[http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust3.htm United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]</ref>-->
== Geographia ==
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The Pitcairn Islands form the southeasternmost extension of the [[geology|geological]] [[archipelago]] of the [[Tuamotus]] of [[French Polynesia]] and consist of five islands: Pitcairn Island, [[Sandy Island]] (the last one found), [[Oeno Island]] (atoll with five islets), [[Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)|Henderson Island]] and [[Ducie Island]] (atoll with four islets).
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Pitcairn Insulis genita est planta ''[[Glochidion pitcairnense]].''
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{{note|I|}} Includes reef flat and [[lagoon]] of the atolls-->
== Historia ==
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The original settlers of the Pitcairn Islands (Ducie, Henderson, Oeno, and Pitcairn) were [[Polynesia]]ns who appear to have lived on Pitcairn and Henderson for several centuries. Although archaeologists believe that Polynesians were living on Pitcairn as late as the 15<sup>th</sup> century, the islands were uninhabited when they were discovered by Europeans.<ref>
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Pitcairn Island itself was discovered on [[3 Iulii]] [[1767]] by the crew of the British [[sloop-of-war|sloop]] ''HMS Swallow'', commanded by Captain [[Philip Carteret]] (though according to some it had perhaps been visited by Queirós in 1606). It was named after Midshipman Robert Pitcairn, a fifteen-year-old crewmember who was the first to sight the island. Robert Pitcairn was the son of British Marine Officer [[John Pitcairn]].-->
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Carteret, who sailed without the newly invented accurate [[marine chronometer]], charted the island at 25° 2' south 133° 21’ west of [[Greenwich]] and although the latitude was reasonably accurate the longitude was incorrect by about 3° (during the age of sail about two day voyage under fair conditions). This made Pitcairn difficult to find, as highlighted by the failure of Captain [[James Cook]] to locate the island in July 1773.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hooker, Brian |url=http://www.findingnz.co.nz/al/gal1_bounty.htm |title=Down with Bligh - hurrah for Tahiti |work=Finding New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Winthrop, Mark |url=http://www.lareau.org/chrono.html |title=The Story of the Bounty Chronometer |publisher=Lareau Web Parlour |accessdate=2008-09-17}}</ref>
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In [[1790]], the mutineers of the [[HMS Bounty|''Bounty'']] and their [[Tahiti]]an companions, some of whom may have been kidnapped from Tahiti, settled on Pitcairn Island and set fire to the ''Bounty''. The wreck is still visible underwater in Bounty Bay. The ship itself was discovered in [[1957]] by [[National Geographic]] explorer [[Luis Marden]]. The settlers survived by farming and fishing, but the initial period of settlement saw serious tensions among the settlers: alcoholism, murder, disease, and other ills took the lives of most mutineers and Tahitian men. [[John Adams (mutineer)|John Adams]] and [[Ned Young]] turned to the [[Scriptures]], using the ship's [[Bible]] as their guide for a new and peaceful society. Young eventually died of an asthmatic infection. The Pitcairners converted to [[Christianity]]; later, they would convert from their existing form of Christianity to [[Adventism]], after a successful Adventist mission in the 1890s. After the rediscovery of Pitcairn, John Adams was granted [[amnesty]] for his [[mutiny]].
The islanders reported that it was not until [[27 Decembris]] [[1795]] that the first ship since the ''Bounty'' was seen from the island, but as she did not approach the land, they could not make out to what nation she belonged. A second appeared some time in 1801, but did not attempt to communicate with them. A third came sufficiently near to see their habitations, but did not venture to send a boat on shore. The [[United States|America]]n trading ship ''[[Topaz (ship)|Topaz]]'' under the command of [[Mayhew Folger]] was the first to visit the island and communicate with them when they spent 10 hours at Pitcairn in February 1808. A report of Folger's find was forwarded to [[The Admiralty]] mentioning the mutineers and a more precise location of the
Staff. ''The Annual Biography and Obituary for the Year ...'', Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1831, Volume 15 "Chapter X Sir Thomas Staines" [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ENoKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA367#PPA366,M1 pp. 366-367]</ref><ref>
[http://library.puc.edu/pitcairn/pitcairn/history.shtml History of Pitcairn IslandHistory of Pitcairn Island], [http://library.puc.edu/pitcairn/index.shtml Pitcairn Study Center]. Retrieved 15 September 2008</ref><ref>
[http://www.janesoceania.com/oceania_pitcairn_descendants/index.htm Pitcairn descendants of the ''Bounty'' Mutineers], Retrieved 15 September 2008.</ref>-->
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Insula facta est colonia Britannica anno [[1838]], et est inter prima mundi territoria quae [[suffragium feminarum|suffragium feminis]] donat.<!-- By the mid-1850s the Pitcairn community was outgrowing the island and its leaders appealed to the British government for assistance. They were offered [[Norfolk Island]] and on 3 May 1856, the entire community of 193 people set sail for Norfolk on board the ''Morayshire'', arriving on 8 June after a miserable five-week trip. But after eighteen months on Norfolk, seventeen of the Pitcairners returned to their home island; five years later another twenty-seven did the same.
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Anno [[2004]], the island had a labor force of 15 men and women.-->
== Homines ==
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Plerique insulani sunt progenies hominum sediosorum navis [[Seditio super Bounty|''Bounty'']] et Tahitiorum. Plerique ad [[Ecclesia Adventistarum Diei Septimae|Ecclesiam Adventistarum Diei Septimae]] pertinent.<!--
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In the early 1970s it was decided to bring the first vehicle to the island (a [[Mini Moke]]) to make it easier to transport the elderly, but the harsh terrain and heavy rain were too much for the diminutive car and a second and eventually a third had to be sent out to replace it. More suitable [[all-terrain vehicle]]s have become common in more recent years.<ref name="nuttall1">{{cite book | author=Tim Nuttall | title=Mini Moke 1964-1989 | isbn=1-870642-94-5 }}</ref>-->
== Vide etiam ==
*[[Index hominum in notis postalibus Pitcairn Insularum]]<!--
*[[Law enforcement in the Pitcairn Islands]]
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<references/>-->
== Nexus externi ==
*[http://www.fatefulvoyage.com/pitcairn/pitcairnHome.html Commentarii] <!--by the first discoverers of the mutineers whereabouts.-->
*[http://www.fatefulvoyage.com/pitcairn/pitcairnHome.html#register Pitcairn Island Register]
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