|
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammalia]]
| ordo = [[CetaceaArtiodactyla]]
| subordoinfraordo = [[OdontocetiCetacea]]
| parvordo = [[Odontoceti]]
| familia = '''Phocoenidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Ioannes Eduardus Gray|Gray]], [[1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Vaquita2 Olson NOAA.jpg|thumb|''[[Phocoena sinus]]'' in [[Sinus Californiae|Sinu Californiae]] natat.]]
'''Phocoenidae''' sunt [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[mammalia marina|mammalium marinorum]] omnino [[animal aquaticum|aquaticorum]], [[subordo|subordinisparvordinis]] [[Odontoceti|Odontocetorum]]. Sunt septem Phocoenidarum [[species]] exstantes. Haec [[cetacea]] cum [[delphinidae|delphinidis]] [[oceanus|oceanicis]] artissime conectuntur.<!-- TheApertissima mostdifferentia obviousinter visiblequos differencegreges betweenbinos theest twophocoenidis groupsesse is[[rostrum|rostra]] thatbreviora porpoiseset have[[dens|dentes]] shorterplani beaks and flattenedpaliformesque, spade-shapeda [[teethconus|conicis]] distinctaliorum fromodontocetorum thedentibus conicaldistincti. teethPhoconidae ofet alia [[dolphincetacea]]s. Porpoises, and otherad [[cetaceacladus|cladum]]ns, belong to the clade [[Cetartiodactylacetartiodactyla|cetartiodactylorum]] withcum [[even-toed ungulateartiodactyla|artiodactylis]]s pertinent, andet theireorum closestartissimi livingcognati relativesexstantes are thesunt [[hippopotamus|hippopotami]]es, havingqui divergedabhinc fromannorum themfere aboutquadraginta 40milliones millionab yearseis agodeflexerunt.<!--
PorpoisesPhocoenidae range[[magnitudo|magnitudine]] invariant sizeab from the {{convert|1.4|m|ft}} andmetris et {{convert|54| kg}} ([[vaquita]], the smallest cetacean to be discovered), to the {{convert|2.3|m|ft}} andmetra et {{convert|220| kg}} [[Dall's porpoise]]. Several species exhibit [[sexual dimorphism]] in that the females are larger than males. They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. Dall's porpoise is one of the fastest cetaceans discovered, with the ability to travel at {{Convert|41|knot|km/h}}. Porpoises use [[Animal echolocation|echolocation]] as their primary [[sensory system]]. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin to keep them warm in cold water.
Porpoises are not very widespread, with many specialising near the polar regions, usually near the coast. Porpoises feed largely on fish and squid, much like the rest of the odontocetes. Males typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Some porpoises produce a variety of clicks and whistles, which are thought to be primarily for social purposes. A few species, like the [[harbour porpoise]], are highly sociable, but pods generally do not exceed ten individuals for most species.
==Taxinomia et evolutio==
Porpoises, along with [[whale]]s and [[dolphin]]s, are descendants of land-living [[ungulateungulata]]s (hoofedquae animals)oceanum thatprimum firstintraverunt enteredabhinc theannorum oceansquinquaginta aroundmilliones 50 million years ago (Mya)fere. During the [[Miocene]] (23 to 5 [[Mya (unit)|Mya]]), mammals were fairly modern, meaning they seldom changed [[physiologically]] from the time. The cetaceans diversified, and fossil evidence suggests porpoises and dolphins diverged from their last common ancestor around 15 Mya. TheVeterrimka oldest fossils[[fossile|fossilia]] are known from the shallow seas aroundcirucm the[[Oceanus NorthPacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] Pacificseptentrionalem, with animals spreading to the European coasts and Southern Hemisphere only much later, during the [[Pliocene]].<ref name=EoM>{{cite book |editor=Macdonald, D.|author= Gaskin, David E.|year=1984 |title= The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages=: 196–199|isbn= 978-0-87196-871-5}}.</ref>
*'''Ordo [[Artiodactyla]]'''
******Genus ''[[Phocoenoides]]''
*******''P. dalli'' – [[Dall's porpoise]]
******Genus †''[[Septemriocetus]]''<ref name="Lambert2008">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634434(2008)28[863:ANPCOP]2.0.CO;2| title = A new porpoise (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Phocoenidae) from the Pliocene of the North Sea| journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology| volume = 28| issue = 3| pages = 863–872| year = 2008| last1 = Lambert | first1 = O. }}</ref>
*******''[[Septemriocetus bosselaersii|S. bosselaersii]]''
******Genus †''[[Piscolithax]]''
==Bibliographia==
*Ellis, Richard. [[1982]]. ''Dolphins and porpoises.'' Novi Eboraci: Knopf. Distributus a Random House. ISBN 0394518004.
*Gaskin, David E. [[1984]]. ''The Encyclopedia of Mammals,'' ed. D. Macdonald.. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5.
*Schulze, Gerhard. [[1996]]. ''Die Schweinswale: Familie Phocoenidae.'' Ed. 2a. Magdeburgi: Westarp Wissenschaft. ISBN 3894323795.
*Sylvestre, Jean-Pierre. [[1993]]. ''Guide des dauphins et marsouins.''<!--Dolphins & porpoises : a worldwide guide / Jean-Pierre Sylvestre ; [translated by Catherine Berthier].--> Novi Eboraci: Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 080698791X.
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