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==Genera sortium pecuniariarum==
===Communes societatis sortes===
Common stock typically has voting rights in corporate decision matters, though perhaps different rights from preferred stock. In order of priority in a [[liquidation]] of a corporation, the owners of common stock are near the last. Dividends paid to the stockholders must be paid to preferred shares before being paid to common stock shareholders. [http://www.investorguide.com/igu-article-818-stock-basics-common-and-preferred-stock.html] -->
===Sortes praepositae===
Sortes praepositae, aliquando partes praepositae appellatae, ius praecedendi ante sortes communes in usuriae distributione habent.
<!--Most '''preferred''' shares provide no voting rights in corporate decision matters.
▲Most '''preferred''' shares provide no voting rights in corporate decision matters. However, some preferred shares have special voting rights to approve certain extraordinary events (such as the issuance of new shares, or the approval of the acquisition of the company), or to elect directors. [http://www.investorguide.com/igu-article-818-stock-basics-common-and-preferred-stock.html] -->
===Sortes classium duarum===<!--
[[Dual class stock]] is shares issued for a single company with varying classes indicating different rights on voting and dividend payments. Each kind of shares has its own class of shareholders entitling different rights. -->
===Sortes thesauri===
==="Sortes aureae"===<!--
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==Historia==<!--
During [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, the empire contracted out many of its services to private groups called [[publicani]]. Shares in publicani were called "socii" (for large cooperatives) and "particulae" [Hmmm.---JWL] which were analogous to today's Over-The-Counter shares of small companies. Though the records available for this time are incomplete, there is some evidence that a speculation in these shares became increasingly widespread and that perhaps the first ever speculative bubble in "stocks" occurred.
The first company to issue shares of stock after the [[Middle Ages]] was the [[Dutch East India Company]] in [[1606]]. The innovation of joint ownership made a great deal of [[Europe]]'s [[economic growth]] possible following the [[Middle Ages]].
Economic Historians find the Dutch stock market of the 1600s particularly interesting: there is clear documentation of the use of stock futures, stock options, short selling, the use of credit to purchase shares, a speculative bubble that crashed in 1695, and a change in fashion that unfolded and reverted in time with the market (in this case it was headdresses instead of [[hemline|hemlines]]). Dr. Edward Stringham also noted that the uses of practices such as short selling continued to occur during this time despite the government passing laws against it. This is unusual because it shows individual parties fulfilling contracts that were not legally enforceable and where the parties involved could incur a loss. Stringham argues that this shows that contracts can be created and enforced without state sanction or, in this case, in spite of laws to the contrary. Source: [http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/economics/faculty/stringham/docs/stringham-amsterdam.pdf], "Devil Take the Hindmost" by Edward Chancellor. -->
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==Commercium==<!--vel Mercatura?
A [[stock exchange]] [= bursa] is an organization that provides a marketplace for either physical or [[Learning online stocks trading in India|virtual trading shares]], bonds and warrants and other financial products where investors (represented by [[stock broker]]s) may buy and sell shares of a wide range of companies. A company will usually list its shares by meeting and maintaining the [[listing requirements]] of a particular stock exchange and the different. In the United States, through the inter-market quotation system, stocks listed on one exchange can also be bought or sold on several other exchanges, including relatively new so-called ECNs ([[Electronic Communication Networks]] like Archipelago or Instinet).
Stocks used to be broadly grouped into NYSE-listed and NASDAQ-listed stocks. Until a few years ago there was a law in the USA that NYSE listed stocks were not allowed to be listed on the NASDAQ or vice versa.
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