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'''Utilitarismus''' est theoria [[ethica normativa|normativa]], quae optimam actionem [[moralitas|moralem]] docet in [[utilitas|utilitate]] quam maxima positam esse. Utilitas autem varie definiri potest, prout de unius hominis aut de hominum societatis utilitate agitur. [[Ieremias Bentham]], auctor utilitarismi, deducta miseria omnium quaibet actione implicatorum, coacervatione [[voluptas|voluptatis]] utilitatem definivit. Quam notionem quantitativam utilitatis [[Ioannes Stuart Mill]] ita amplificavit, ut, omissis singulis actionibus, animum ad qualitatem attenderet: moralitas utilitaristica [[felicitas|felicitate]] aestimari oportere, felicitatem autem non solum in voluptate sed etiam in absentia miseriae consistere; infelicitatem contra ex miseria et absentia voluptatis constare.<ref>Mill 1861: 10.</ref> In utilitarismo Milliano actio moralis "felicitate" et "voluptate" aestimatur. Quae ratio ab adversariis reicitur, quod nimio opere [[hedonismus|hedonismum]] redoleat.
Utilitarismus est genusforma [[consequentialismus|consequentialismi]], quicuius consecutionesadsectatores ulliusconsecutionibus cuiuslibet actionis esse[[bonum solam(ethica)|bonum]] normamet fas[[malum et(ethica)|malum]] nefas affirmatmetiuntur. HaecQuae opinio comparari vel coniungi potest cum [[ethica virtutumvirtutis]] comparari aut coniungi potest, quaein affirmatqua [[virtus|virtutem]] essebonum [[pretiummorale (ethica)|bonumesse morale]]putatur. Nonnulli credunt consilia hominum etiam momentum ethicum habere. UtilitarianismusUtilitarismus ab aliis consequentialismi generibus, sicut [[egoismus ethicus|egoismo ethico]], distincte propriehoc differt, quiquod omniaomnes studierationes aequeaequabiliter habetrespicit. Suasores utilitarianismiutilitarismi inter sese differunt, numutrum factaactus singulorumsingulares cum utilitate congruere debeantoporteat (id est [[utilitarianismusutilitarismus actionis]]), sivean [[agenturaactores (philosophia)|agitatores]]regulas cumethicas regulissequi [[ethica|ethicis]]debeant congruere(id debeantest ([[utilitarianismusutilitarismus regularum]]). UtilitarianiUtilitaristae praeterea dissentiunt, numin ratiocinatioratiocinatione utilitatis ututrum aggregatumde ([[utilitarianismustota mediusan etde totus|utilitarianismusmediana totus]]) aut [[medium]]<!--average--> (utilitarianismus medius)felicitate sitagatur.
 
<!--[[Fasciculus:Greek uc sigma.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|[[Sigma]] in [[mathematica]] est signum quod [[summatio]]nem repraesentat, rationem in [[utilitarianismus totus|urilitarianismo toto]] similiter effectam.]] -->
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==Bibliographia==
*Adams, Robert Merrihew. [[1976]]. Motive Utilitarianism. ''Journal of Philosophy'' 73(14):467. JSTOR 2025783. doi:10.2307/2025783.
*Alican, Necip Fikri. [[1994]]. ''Mill’s Principle of Utility: A Defense of John Stuart Mill’s Notorious Proof.'' Amstelodami et Atlantae: Editions Rodopi B. V. ISBN 9789051837483.
*Anscombe, G. E. M. [[1958]]. Modern Moral Philosophy. ''Philosophy'' 33(124):1. JSTOR 3749051. doi:10.1017/s0031819100037943.
* {{cite book |last = Ashcraft |first = Richard |title = John Locke: Critical Assessments |year = 1991|publisher = Routledge}}
* {{cite book |last = Bayles |first = M. D.|title = Contemporary Utilitarianism |year = 1968|publisher = Anchor Books, Doubleday }}
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* Dancy, Jonathan. 2000. Mill's Puzzling Footnote. ''Utilitas'' 12:219.
* Feldman, Fred. 1993. On the Consistency of Act- and Motive-Utilitarianism: A Reply to Robert Adams. ''Philosophical Studies'' 70: 201–212.
* {{cite book |last = Gauthier|first =, David|title. =1963. ''Practical Reasoning: The Structure and Foundations of Prudential and Moral Arguments and Their Exemplification in Discourse |publisher =.'' Oxford University Press |year = 1963|isbn = 9780198241904}}.
* {{cite book |last = Gay|first = John|editor-first = J. B.|editor-last = Schneewind|title = Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant|publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 2002 |chapter = Concerning the Fundamental Principle of Virtue or Morality |isbn = 9780521003049}}
* Glover, Jonathan. 1977. ''Causing Death and Saving Lives.'' Penguin Books.
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* Pettit, Philip. 1991. Consequentialism. ''The Blackwell Companion to Ethics'', ed. Peter Singer, cap. 19. Blackwell.
* Popkin, Richard H. 1950. A Note on the 'Proof' of Utility in J. S. Mill. ''Ethics'' 61:66–68.
* {{cite book |last = Popper|first = Karl|title = The Open Society and Its Enemies|year = 2002|publisher = Routledge|isbn = 0415290635}}
* Rachels, James & Stuart Rachels. 2012. ''The Elements of Moral Philosophy.'' McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN 9780078038242.
* {{cite book |last = Rawls|first = John|title = A Theory of Justice |publisher = Harvard University Press; reissue edition |date = 22 March 2005 |isbn = 9780674017726}}
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