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'''Liberum arbitrium'''<ref>[[Augustinus]], ''[[De civitate Dei]]'' 22.30 et alibi</ref> est gubernatio vel [[voluntasMens|mentis]] quamet [[homoVoluntas|hominesvoluntatis]] singuligubernatio exercentsoluta superab eorumomnibus [[mens|mentes]]rebus, etquae agendi actioneslicentiae intervenire possint. LiberoLiberum arbitrioarbitrium homines optantsive actores rationales sinit facere unumquidquid exquocumque variisloco actibusiudicent quioptimum eisfactu possibiles suntesse. Quod soli homines hanc potestatem habere videntur, actus libere arbitratusliber dicitur ''actus humanus'' in [[philosophia]].<ref>Confer [[Glossarium Thomisticum]].</ref>

Negatio liberi arbitrii, quae [[determinismus]] appellatur, saepe quaestionem [[moralitas|moralitatis]] parit quia facultatem voluntatis humanae de [[bonum|bonis]] ac malis negare potest.
 
Theoria [[Benedictus de Spinoza|Spinozae]] de [[Deus|Deo]] ut [[causa sui]], [[causalitas]] vel [[praedestinatio]] [[Calvinismus|Calvinismi]] liberum arbitrium de facto negat. Sed [[clinamen]] [[Lucretius|Lucretii]] determinismum [[causalitas|causalitatis]] refutavit.
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* Goodenough, O. R. [[2004]]. Responsibility and punishment, ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences'' (Special Issue: Law and the Brain), 359: 1805–1809.
*Harnad, Stevan. [[1982]]. [http://cogprints.org/1570 Consciousness: An Afterthought.] ''Cognition and Brain Theory'' 5: 29–47.
*Harnad, Stevan. [[2001]]. [http://cogprints.org/1624/ No Easy Way Out.] ''The Sciences'' 41(2): 36–42.
* [[Stevan Harnad|Harnad, Stevan]] [[2009]]. ''The Explanatory Gap'' apud [http://philpapers.org/ PhilPapers].
* [[Douglas Hofstadter|Hofstadter, Douglas]]. [[2007]]. ''I Am A Strange Loop.'' Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03078-1.
* Kane, Robert. [[1998]]. ''The Significance of Free Will.'' Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512656-4.
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