Quantum redactiones paginae "Mycorrhiza" differant

Mycorrhizae adsunt in 92% familiarum [[planta]]rum et in 80% [[species|specierum]] (Wang & Qiu 2006). <!--, with arbuscular mycorrhizae being the ancestral and predominant form,<ref name=Wang2006/> and indeed the most prevalent symbiotic association found in all the plant kingdom.<ref name="Harrison MJ."/> The structure of arbuscular mycorrhizae has been highly conserved since their first appearance in the fossil record,<ref name="Remy et al.">{{cite journal|author=Remy W, Taylor TN, Hass H, Kerp H |year=1994|title= 4 hundred million year old vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae|journal= Proc. National Academy of Sciences|volume=91|pages=11841–11843|pmid=11607500|doi= 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11841}}</ref> with both the development of ectomycorrhizae, and the loss of mycorrhizae, [[convergent evolution|evolving convergently]] on multiple occasions.<ref name=Wang2006/> -->

 

 

Endomycorrhiza sunt variabiles et dividuntur in mycorrhizas arbuscularas, ericoidas, arbutoidas, monotropoidas, et orchidaceas (Peterson et al. 2004). <!--[[Arbuscular mycorrhiza]]s, or AM (formerly known as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, or VAM), are mycorrhizas whose hyphae enter into the plant cells, producing structures that are either balloon-like (vesicles) or dichotomously-branching invaginations (arbuscules). The fungal [[hyphae]] do not in fact penetrate the [[protoplast]] (i.e. the interior of the cell), but invaginate the [[cell membrane]]. The structure of the arbuscules greatly increases the contact surface area between the hypha and the cell [[cytoplasm]] to facilitate the transfer of nutrients between them.

 

The ectomycorrhizal fungus ''[[Laccaria bicolor]]'' has been found to lure and kill [[springtail]]s to obtain nitrogen, some of which may then be transferred to the mycorrhizal host plant. In a study by Klironomos and Hart, [[Eastern White Pine]] inoculated with ''L. bicolor'' was able to derive up to 25% of its nitrogen from springtails.<ref> http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_14_159/ai_104730213/ Fungi kill insects and feed host plants] BNET.com</ref><ref>Klironomos, J. N. and Hart, M. M. 2001. Animal nitrogen swap for plant carbon. Nature, 410: 651-652.</ref> -->

 

* [[Ascomycota]]

* [[Basidiomycota]]

* [[Mucigel]]

 

* Jeffries, P., S. Gianinazzi, S. Perotto, K. Turnau, et J.-M. Barea. [[2003]]. "The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility." ''Biol. Fertility Soils'' 37:1–16.

* Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David, et J. Stalpers. [[2001]]. ''Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi.'' Editio nona. Wallingford: CAB International.

* Wang, B., et Y. L. Qiu. [[2006]]. "Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants." ''Mycorrhizahello'' 16(5):299–363. http://www.springerlink.com/index/X7151P60502078U1.pdf, inventum 21 Ianuarii 2008.

 

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{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Biologia soli]]

[[Categoria:Fungi]]

[[Categoria:Symbiosis]]