Winston Churchillus,[1] plene Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (natus 30 Novembris 1874 in Palatio Blenhemiensi iuxta Woodstock Angliae; Londinii mortuus die 24 Ianuarii 1965) fuit primus minister Britanniarum ab anno 1940 ad annum 1945 et ab 1951 ad 1955. Churchill, qui etiam praestantissimus orator erat, officio praefecti Britanniae annis secundi belli mundani functus est.

Wikidata Winston Churchill
Res apud Vicidata repertae:
Winston Churchill: imago
Winston Churchill: imago
Nativitas: 30 Novembris 1874; Palatium Blenheim
Obitus: 24 Ianuarii 1965; Hyde Park Gate
Patria: Britanniarum Regnum
Nomen nativum: Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Familia

Genitores: Randolphus Churchill; Lady Randolph Churchill
Coniunx: Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill
Proles: Diana Churchill, Randolph Churchill, Sarah Churchill, Marigold Churchill, Maria Soames

Memoria

Sepultura: St Martin's Church, Bladon

Insignia heraldica

Winston Churchill: insigne
Winston Churchill: insigne
Winston Churchill anno 1943 lucis ope pictus

Vita recensere

Randolphus Churchillus, vir publicus, Winstoni pater fuit. Ioaneta Jerome, orta e familia diviti Americana, fuit mater. Ab anno 1881 Winston apud scholas in Ascot et Bristelmestuna, deinde usque ad annum 1892 apud scholam Harroviensem studuit.

Churchill miles fuit pro patria Britannia inter annos ab 1894 ad 1899. Anno 1898 in Sudania praefectus equitum meruit. Insequenti anno in Africa Australi bello Boerico rebus diurnariis operam dedit.

Anno 1900 cursum honorum in rebus politicis incepit et in parlamentum pro factione Conservativa electus est. Ab anno 1904 usque ad annum 1924 cum ad antiquam suam factionem rediit, Churchill tamen ad factionem Liberalem pertinuit.

Anno 1908 Clementinam Hozier in matrimonium duxit et ex ea quinque liberos (q.s. Diana, Randolphus, Sara, Marigold et Maria) genuit.

A die 6 Novembris 1924 usque ad diem 4 Iunii 1929 Churchill fuit cancellarius scaccarii, id est aerarii minister.

Mense Maio 1940 Adolphus Hitler post Poloniam, Daniam et Norvegiam etiam contra Nederlandiam, Belgicam, Luxemburgum et Franciam proelium commisit et eas profligavit. Churchill, qui iam ab anno 1933 Britannicos de summo periculo ab Adolpho Hitler effecto admonebat, Britanniarum primus minister creatus est. In acerbitatibus rerum et inter belli horas Churchill nihil nisi sanguinem, laborem, lacrimas et sudorem se Britannis promittere nuntiavit.

Mense Iulio 1945 quamquam belli victor Churchill in petitionibus a factione Laboris, Clemente Attlee duce, profligatus est, sed anno 1951 iterum primus minister electus est. Quod officium usque ad diem 5 Aprilis 1955 retinuit, successore Antonio Eden.

Churchill sodalis Regalis Societatis Londiniensis anno 1941 cooptatus est. Anno 1953 propter opera historica et biographica necnon orationes Nobelianum Litteraturae Praemium accepit.

Administrationes quibus praefuit recensere

Opera scripta potiora recensere

  • 1898 : The Story of the Malakand Field Force
  • 1899 : The River War. 2 voll.
  • 1900 : Savrola [mythistoria]
  • 1906 : Lord Randolph Churchill. 2 voll. [de vita patris]
  • 1909 : The People's Rights
  • 1923-1931 : The World Crisis et The Aftermath. 5 voll.
  • 1930 : My Early Life [de vita sua]
  • 1931 : The Eastern Front
  • 1932 : Thoughts and Adventures
  • 1933-1938 : Marlborough: his life and times. 4 voll.
  • 1937 : Great Contemporaries
  • 1938 : Arms and the Covenant
  • 1948 : Painting as a Pastime
  • 1948-1954 : The Second World War. 6 voll.
  • 1956-1958 : A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. 4 voll.

Notae recensere

  1. Nomen familiae datum ab Eduardo Cobden, Poems on Several Occasions (Londinii: Printed for the Benefit of a Clergyman's Widow, 1748), 309.

Bibliographia recensere

Bibliographica
  • Rasor, Eugene L. 2000. Winston S. Churchill, 1874–1965: A Comprehensive Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30546-3.
Documenta
  • Coombs, David; Churchill, Minnie. Sir Winston Churchill: His Life through His Paintings. Pegasus, 2003. ISBN 0-7624-2731-0
  • James, Robert Rhodes, ed. Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963. 8 voll. Chelsea House, 1974
  • Loewenheim, Francis L.; Langley, Harold D., edd. Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence. 1975
  • Soames, Mary, ed. Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill. 1998
Scripta coaevorum
  • Benn, Tony et al. "Churchill Remembered: Recollections by Tony Benn MP, Lord Carrington, Lord Deedes and Mary Soames" in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society vol. 11 (2001) pp. 393–414
  • Browne, Anthony Montague. Long sunset: memoirs of Winston Churchill's last private secretary. Londinii: Cassell, 1995. ISBN 978-0-304-34478-9
  • Charles Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival. Londinii: Constable, 1966
Biographiae
  • Best, Geoffrey. Churchill: A Study in Greatness. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-85285-253-5
  • Blake, Robert; Louis, William Roger, edd. Churchill: A Major New Reassessment of His Life in Peace and War. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-19-282317-5
  • Charmley, John. Churchill, The End of Glory: A Political Biography. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993. ISBN 978-0-15-117881-0
  • Churchill, Randolph; Gilbert, Martin. Winston S. Churchill. Londinii: Macmillan; Hillsdale Press, 1966–
    • I. Youth, 1874–1900 (2 voll., 1966); II. Young Statesman, 1901–1914 (3 voll., 1967); III. The Challenge of War, 1914–1916 (3 voll., 1973); IV. The Stricken World, 1916–1922 (2 voll., 1975); V. The Prophet of Truth, 1923–1939 (3 voll., 1977); VI. Finest Hour, 1939–1941: The Churchill War Papers (2 voll., 1983); VII. Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (4 voll., 1986); VIII. Never Despair, 1945–1965 (3 voll., 1988)
  • Jenkins, Roy, Churchill: a biography. Londinii: Macmillan, 2001
  • Lukacs, John. Churchill: Visionary, Statesman, Historian. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002
  • Manchester, William. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Visions of Glory, 1874–1932. 1983. ISBN 0-316-54503-1
  • Manchester, William. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940. 1988. ISBN 0-316-54512-0
  • Manchester, William. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965. 2010
  • Pelling, Henry. Winston Churchill. 1974. ISBN 1-84022-218-2
  • Stansky, Peter, ed. Churchill: A Profile. 1973
Specialia
  • Charmley, John. Churchill's Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996. ISBN 978-0-340-59760-6
  • D'Este, Carlo. Warlord: a life of Winston Churchill at war, 1874–1945. Londinii: Allen Lane, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7139-9753-8
  • Hastings, Max. Finest Years: Churchill as Warlord, 1940–45. Londinii: HarperPress, 2009. ISBN 978-0-00-726367-7
  • James, Robert Rhodes. Churchill: A Study in Failure, 1900–1939. 1970
  • Jordan, Anthony J. Churchill: A Founder of Modern Ireland. Westport Books, 1995. ISBN 978-0-9524447-0-1
  • Kersaudy, François. Churchill and De Gaulle. 1981. ISBN 0-00-216328-4
  • Lewis, G.K. "On the character and achievement of Sir Winston Churchill" in Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science vol. 23 (1957) pp. 173–194
  • Pelling, Henry. Churchill's Peacetime Ministry, 1951-1955. Londinii: Macmillan, 1997. ISBN 0-333-55597-X
  • Ramsden, John. Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and His Legend Since 1945. Novi Ebpraci: Columbia University Press, 2002
  • Stafford, David. Churchill and Secret Service. Londinii: John Murray, 1997. ISBN 0-7195-5407-1
  • Toye, Richard. Churchill's Empire: The World that Made Him and the World He Made. Londinii: Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 978-0-230-70384-1
  • Toye, Richard. Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness. London: Macmillan, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4050-4896-5
Necrologiae
  • Jones, R. V. "Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874-1965" in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society vol. 12 (1966) pp. 34–105

Nexus externi recensere

  Lexica biographica:  Treccani • Большая российская энциклопедия • Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana • Commentatio Theodisce, Francogallice, Italice apud Lexicon historicum Helveticum • Deutsche Biographie • Store norske leksikon
  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Winston Churchill spectant.
  Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Winston Churchill spectant.
Primi ministri Britannici 1721–1945

Robertus Walpole · Spencer Compton · Henricus Pelham · Thomas Pelham-Holles · Gulielmus Cavendish · Thomas Pelham-Holles · Ioannes Stuart · Georgius Grenville · Carolus Watson-Wentworth · Gulielmus Pitt Senior · Augustus Henricus Fitzroy · Fridericus North · Carolus Watson-Wentworth · Gulielmus Petty · Gulielmus Henricus Cavendish-Bentinck · Gulielmus Pitt Iunior · Henricus Addington · Gulielmus Pitt Iunior Gulielmus Wyndham Grenville · Gulielmus Henricus Cavendish-Bentinck · Spencer Perceval · Robertus Banks Jenkinson · Georgius Canning · Fridericus Ioannes Robinson · Arthurus, dux de Wellington · Carolus Grey · Gulielmus Lamb · Arthurus, dux de Wellington · Robertus Peel · Gulielmus Lamb · Robertus Peel · Ioannes Russell · Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley · Georgius Hamilton Gordon · Henricus Ioannes Temple · Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley · Henricus Ioannes Temple · Ioannes Russell · Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley · Beniaminus Disraeli · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Beniaminus Disraeli · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Robertus Gascoyne-Cecil · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Robertus Gascoyne-Cecil · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Archibaldus Philippus Primrose · Robertus Gascoyne-Cecil · Arthurus Balfour · Henricus Campbell-Bannerman · Herbertus Henricus Asquith · David Lloyd George · Andreas Bonar Law · Stanley Baldwin · Ramsay MacDonald · Stanley Baldwin · Ramsay MacDonald · Stanley Baldwin · Neville Chamberlain · Winston Churchill