Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal (Persice et Urdu تاج محل, "corona palatii"[1]) est mausoleum in India, Agrae situm, quod imperator Mogol Shah Jahan aedificandum curavit in memoriam uxoris suae dilectissimae, Mumtaz Mahal.
Aedificium late habetur optimum pulcherrimumque architecturae Indomongolicae exemplum, in quo elementa Persica, Indica, et Islamica commiscuntur.[2][3]
Quamvis sepulcrum tholatum marmoris albi est pars notissima, Taj Mahal est complexus structurarum et hortorum. Coepit aedificari anno 1632 et perfectum est 1654, plus quam mille artificibus peritis et opificibus occupatis. Constructio consortioni architectis mandata est cui praefuit imperator ipse, inter quos fuerunt Abdul Karim, Mamur Khan, Mahramat Khan, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
Anno 1983 tablam UNESCO Mundi Hereditatis regestum est.
Architectura recensere
Aedificium praecipuum est sepulcrum, ampla marmoris candidae structura in plintho quadrato stans, quae consistit in quattuor ingentibus fornicibus in more Persico, magno tholo superatis. Quattuor turres graciles (minare) in angulis plinthi stant. Intus sunt duae tumbae Shah Jahan et Mumtaz Mahal, circunditae saepe marmoris ornatissima.
Aedificia alia recensere
Darvaza-i-Rauza est immanis tofi russi porta, quae ingressum ad aream dat. Huic opposita est mescita, tofi et marmoris constructa, cum tribus tholis.
Notae recensere
- ↑ Akbar S. Ahmed (1998). Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World. I.B.Tauris. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-85771-380-3
- ↑ Hasan, Parween (November 1994). "Review of Mughal Architecture: Its outline and its history". The Journal of Asian Studies 53 (4).
- ↑ "The Taj Mahal, a spectacular example of Moghul architecture, blends Islamic, Hindu and Persian styles," Lesley A. DuTemple, "The Taj Mahal" (Lerner Publishing Group, March 2003), p. 26.
Bibliographia recensere
- Asher, Catherine B. 1992. Architecture of Mughal India. New Cambridge History of India I.4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26728-5.
- Bernier, François. 1891. Travels in the Moghul Empire A.D. 1657-1668. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co.
- Carroll, David. 1971. The Taj Mahal. Newsweek Books. ISBN 0-88225-024-8.
- Chaghtai, Muhammad Abdullah. 1938. Le Tadj Mahal d'Agra (Inde): Histoire et description. Brussels: Editions de la Connaissance.
- Copplestone, Trewin, ed. 1963. World architecture: An illustrated history. Londinii: Hamlyn.
- Gascoigne, Bamber. 1971. The Great Moguls. Novi Eboraci: Harper & Row.
- Havel, E. B. 1913. Indian Architecture: Its Psychology, Structure and History. John Murray.
- Kambo, Muhammad Salih. 1923. Amal-i-Salih or Shah Jahan Namah. Ed. Ghulam Yazdani. Vol. 1. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.
- Kambo, Muhammad Salih. 1927. Amal-i-Salih or Shah Jahan Namah. Ed. Ghulam Yazdani. Vol. 2. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.
- Koch, Ebba. 2006. The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra. Londinii: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 0-500-34209-1.
- Lahawri, 'Abd al-Hamid. 1867. Badshah Namah. Ed. Maulawis Kabir al-Din Ahmad et 'Abd al-Rahim, sub Major W. N. Lees. Vol. 1. Calcutta: College Press.
- Lahawri, 'Abd al-Hamid. 1868. Badshah Namah. Ed. Maulawis Kabir al-Din Ahmad et 'Abd al-Rahim, sub Major W. N. Lees. Vol. 2. Calcutta: College Press.
- Lall, John. 1992. Taj Mahal. Tiger International Press.
- Preston, Diana, et Michael Preston. 2007. A Teardrop on the Cheek of Time. Londinii: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-60947-0.
- Rothfarb, Ed. 1998. In the Land of the Taj Mahal. Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-5299-2.
- Saksena, Banarsi Prasad. 1932. History of Shahjahan of Dihli. Allahabad: The Indian Press Ltd.
- Spiller, R. 1994. Agricultural Sites of the Taj Mahal. Chronicle Books.
- Stall, B. 1995. Agra and Fathepur Sikri. Millennium.
- Tillitson, G. H. R. 1990. Architectural Guide to Mughal India. Chronicle Books.
- Volwahsen, Andreas. 1990. Architecture of the World: Islamic India, Taschen. Ed. Henri Stierlin.