Spelunca Franchthium

Situs in Graecia

Spelunca Franchthium Argolidis, vulgo σπήλαιο Φράγχθι, ad oram maritimam Argolici sinus iacens, est locus habitationis humanae Palaeolithicae, Mesolithicae et Neolithicae, ab archaeologis Civitatum Foederatarum annis 1967-1976 effossus.

Vestigia reperta sunt piscium quos incolae Franchthii capiebant et comedebant. Stratis palaeolithicis superioribus mesolithicisque inferioribus, annis scilicet circiter 11,000–9,100 ante praesentia, inventi sunt praecipue Anguilla anguilla, Sparus aurata aliique Sparidae, Mugil cephalus; pauciores etiam Conger conger, Dicentrarchus labrax, Umbrina cirrosa: quo aevo ora maritima 4 chiliometris a spelunca distabat. Stratis mesolithicis superioribus, annis circiter 9,100–8,000 a.p., ora fere 2 chiliometris distante, inventa sunt praesertim ossa Thunnus thynnus, Epinephelus marginatus, Sphyraena sphyraena; multo pauciores Diplodus vulgaris (sive et D. sargus) et Mugil cephalus. Eodem aevo, quo capiebantur tunni maximi, pisces maris profundioris, obsidiani lapides primum a Melo ad Franchthium advehebantur. Stratis neolithicis, annis circiter 8,000–5,000 a.p., ora haud 1 chiliometro distante, reperiuntur praecipue Sparidae: Pagellus erythrinus, Diplodus spp., Sparus aurata; insuper Thunnus, sed pauciores et minores, paucique etiam Epinephelus marginatus, Sphyraena sphyraena et Mugil cephalus, paucissimi Acipenser sturio.^[1]

Aevis palaeolithico et Mesolithico homines animalia ad cibum capiebant Cervus elaphus, Equus hydruntinus, Bos primigenius, Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Capra, tardius animalia minora praesertim Lepus europaeus, etiam Erinaceus sp., Alectoris graeca, Otis tarda, Testudo graeca, Emys orbicularis seu fortasse Maurmys sp.^[2]

Bibliographia recensere

William R. Farrand, Depositional History of Franchthi Cave: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Chronology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
Julie M. Hansen, "Franchthi Cave and the beginning of agriculture in Greece and the Aegean" in P. C. Anderson-Gerfaud, ed., Préhistoire de l'agriculture (Lutetiae, 1992) pp. 231-247
Julie Hansen, The palaeoethnobotany of Franchthi Cave. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. (Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece, vol. 7)
Julie M. Hansen, J. M. Renfrew, "Palaeolithic-Neolithic seed remains at Franchthi Cave, Greece" in Nature vol. 271 (1978) pp. 349-352
T. W. Jacobsen, "Franchthi cave and the beginning of settled village life in Greece" in Hesperia vol. 50 (1981) pp. 303-319
T. W. Jacobsen and W. R. Farrand, Franchthi Cave and Paralia: maps, plans and sections. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987 (Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece, vol. 1) (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
M. H. Jameson, C. Runnels, T. van Andel, A Greek countryside: the southern Argolid from prehistory to the present day. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994
Ceren Kabukcu et al., "Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar" in Antiquity (23 Novembris 2022) alibi
S. Payne, "Faunal change at Franchthi from 20,000 B.C. to 3,000 B.C." in A. T. Clason, ed., Archaeozoological studies (Novi Eboraci: Academic Press, 1975) pp. 120-131
Catherine Perlès, "The Mesolithic at Franchthi: an overview of the data and problems" in Nena Galanidou, Catherine Perlès, edd., The Greek Mesolithic: Problems and Perspectives (Londinii: British School at Athens, 2003. British School at Athens Studies, vol. 10) pp. 79-87
M. Rose, "Fishing in a Changing Environment: Franchthi Cave, Greece, 11,000-5,000 B.P." in Old World Archaeology Newsletter vol. 18 no. 3 (1995) pp. 21-26
Judith C. Shackleton, Marine molluscan remains from Franchthi Cave. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988 (Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece, vol. 4) (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
Mary C. Stiner, Natalie D. Munro, Britt M. Starkovich, "Material input rates and dietary breadth during the Upper Paleolithic through Mesolithic at Franchthi and Klissoura 1 Caves (Peloponnese, Greece)" in Quaternary International vol. 275 (2012) pp. 30-42
Anna Stroulia, Flexible Stones: Ground Stone Tools from Franchthi Cave, Fascicle 14, Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
L. E. Talalay, Deities, Dolls, and Devices: Neolithic Figurines from Franchthi Cave, Greece. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993
Tj. H. van Andel, S. B. Sutton, Landscape and people of the Franchthi region. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
K. D. Vitelli, "Were Pots First Made for Food? Doubts from Franchthi" in World Archaeology vol. 21 (1989) pp. 17–29 Epitome
Tony J. Wilkinson, Susan T. Duhon, Franchthi Paralia--the Sediments, Stratigraphy, and Offshore Investigations. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)

Nexus interni

Graecia aetatis lapideae

Nexus externi recensere

"Franchthi Cave" apud Megalithic Portal
"The Southern Greek Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Sequence at Franchthi" e serie paginarum Aegean Prehistoric Archaeology apud Collegium Dartmuthense
"Σπήλαιο Φράγχθι- Franchthi cave" apud Ιστορική Ερμιονίδα

[1] Rose (1995)

[2] Stiner et al. (2012)

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