Rhythmus (a Graeco ῥυθμός 'quilibet constans motus iterans, symmetria'[1][2]), sive numerus,[3] "motus ab ordinata elementorum validorum et invalidorum vel oppositorum vel variorum statuum successione designatus" usitate significat.[4][5] Haec significatio generalis iterationis constantis vel exemplaris per tempus mutatis generibus rerum naturalium circularium cui est periodicitatem vel frequentiam a microsecundis ad milliones annorum adhiberi potest.

Metrum duplum simplex: exemplar tympani, contra quod duratio computatur in multo musicae populari: Sono Play info.
Rhythmus, sequentia per tempus iterata, in saltatione vehementius dicitur: Phenakistoscopium waltz demonstrat.
Instrumenta percussiva Indonesia (gamelan) gravitates distincte definitas habent quae creationem et perceptionem rhythmorum multiplicum adiuvant.

Rhythmus in artibus exsecutivis est observatio per tempus eventuum per gradum humanum, sonorum et silentiorum musicorum, graduum saltationis, vel metri linguae dictae et poesis. Rhythmus etiam spectare potest ad repraesentationem visualem, ut "motus per spatium tempore observatus,"[6][7] et communis exemplaris lingua rhythmum cum geometria coniungit. Annis recentioribus, rhythmus et metrum inter eruditos musicos res studii magni momenti facta sunt. Inter opera recentia quae has res tractant sunt libri a Maury Yeston (1976), Friderico Lerdahl et Raimundo Jackendoff, Ionathano Kramer, Christophoro Hasty (1997), Godfried Toussaint (2013), Gulielmo Rothstein, et Ioele Lester scripti.

Anthropologia recensere

Howardus Goodall, in serie How Music Works, coniecturam offert quod rhythmus humanus aequabilitatem ambulandi et cordis palpitandi recordatur. Aliae investigationes subiciunt rhythmum ad palpitationem cordis non recte, sed potius ad celeritatem animi motus pertinet, qui etiam pulsum cordis adficit. London scribit metrum musicum "implicare nostram perceptionem primam et anticipationem sequentem seriei ictuum quos a rhythmica musicae superficie abstrahimus ut se per tempus explicit"[8] (London 2004:4). Perceptio et abstractio mensurae rhythmicae sunt fundamenta societatis musicae naturalis humanae, ut cum seriem eorundum sonorum tic horologii in "tic-toc-tic-toc" dividimus (Scholes 1977).

Nexus interni

Adnotationes recensere

  1. Anglice: "any regular recurring motion, symmetry."
  2. Henricus Georgius Liddell et Robertus Scott, ῥυθμός, A Greek-English Lexicon (propositum Perseus).
  3. C. T. Lewis et C. Short (1879). A Latin Dictionary. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press
  4. Anglice: "movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions."
  5. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, II (Oxford University Press, 1971), 2537.
  6. Anglice: "timed movement through space."
  7. "Art, Design, and Visual Thinking" .
  8. Anglice: "involves our initial perception as well as subsequent anticipation of a series of beats that we abstract from the rhythm surface of the music as it unfolds in time"

Bibliographia recensere

  • Cooper, Grosvenor W., et Leonard B. Meyer. 1960. The Rhythmic Structure of Music. Sicagi: University of Chicago.
  • Hasty, Christopher. 1997. Meter as Rhythm. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195100662.
  • Honing, H. 2002. "Structure and interpretation of rhythm and timing." Tijdschrift voor Muziektheorie 7(3):227–232.
  • Humble, M. 2002. The Development of Rhythmic Organization in Indian Classical Music, MA dissertation, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
  • Lewis, Andrew 2005. Rhythm—What it is and How to Improve Your Sense of It. San Francisco: RhythmSource Press. ISBN 9780975466704.
  • London, Justin 2004. Hearing in Time: Psychological Aspects of Musical Meter. ISBN 0195160819.
  • Scholes, Percy. 1977. "Metre" et "Rhythm." In The Oxford Companion to Music, 6a reimpressio correct editionis decimae (1970), retractata et iterum typis posita, ed. John Owen Ward. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press ISBN 0193113066.
  • Toussaint, G. T. 2005. The Geometry of Musical Rhythm. In Proceedings of the Japan Conference on Discrete and Computational Geometry, ed. J. Akiyama, M. Kano, et X. Tan, 198–212. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3742. Berolini: Springer.
  • Toussaint, Godfried. 2013. The Geometry of Musical Rhythm. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
  • Williams, C. F. A. 2009. The Aristoxenian Theory of Musical Rhythm. Cambridge Library Collection: Music. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yeston, Maury. 1976. The Stratification of Musical Rhythm. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300018843.

Nexus externi recensere

 

Haec stipula ad musicam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!