Nux avellana[1] est fructus arborum generis Coryli et ergo nuces nonnullarum plantarum specierum huius generis comprehendit, praecipue nuces speciei Corylus avellana.[2] Nux a formá sphaericá ad ovatam fere est, circa 15–25 mm longa, et 10–15 mm diametro, externo folliculo fibrato, qui testam levem circumdat.[3] Nux septem vel octo menses post pollinationem matura de folliculo excidit. Nucleus seminis edulis est, crudus aut assus, vel in glutinationem molitus. Semini est cutis tenuis et brunneus, quae ante coquendum aliquando amovetur.

Nuces avellanae maturae.
Binae nuces avellanae immaturae.
Corylus colurna in Turcia crescens.
Nuces avellanae maturae.
Verretrum nuces avellanas in pomario colligit.
Piccillatti, usitata crustula, nucibus avellanis in Sicilia confecta.

Nuces avellanae in confectionario ad pralines conficiendas adhibentur. Oleum nucum avellanarum, e nucibus avellanis expressum, saporem gravem habet, atque oleum coquendi late adhibetur. Turcia plures nuces avellanas in orbe terrarum fert.

Nuces avellanae proteino, adipe monounsaturatá, vitamino E, mangano, multisque aliis nutrimentis essentialibus praeditae sunt.[4]

Nucibus avellanis dies vicensima secunda mensis Fructidoris in calendario republicano Francico dicata est.[5]

Historia recensere

Indicia magnariae nucum avellanarum rationis abhinc annorum 8000 fere, aevo mesolithico, in magná tenuíque foveá scrutorum Colonsay in insulá Scoticá anno 1995 inventa sunt. Quae indicia in reliquis nonnullorum centenarum milium ambustarum nucum avellanarum testarum consistunt. Nuces avellanae inventae sunt in aliis locis archaeologicis mesolithicis, sed raro talibus numeris vel in unam foveam contractae. Quae nuces secundum computationem radiocarbonicam ex aevo 7720+/-110BP sunt, quod circa annum 6000 a.C.n. valet. Loci in Britannia similes solum Farnhamiae in Surria et Cass ny Hawin in Monapia inventi sunt.[6]

Notae recensere

  1. Nomen adiectivum ut videtur ex Abella, oppido et commune in Italia meridianá.
  2. Martins et al. 2014.
  3. Nuces Anglice filbert appellatae sunt praelongae, bis longitudinem suorum diametrorum.
  4. "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12120, Nuts, hazelnuts or filberts". USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-27. 2015 .
  5. Philippus Francicus Nazarenus Fabre d'Églantine, Rapport fait à la Convention nationale dans la séance du 3 du second mois de la seconde année de la République Française, p. 30.
  6. Moffat 2005: 91–92.

Bibliographia recensere

  • Alasalvar, Cesarettin, et al. 2009. "Compositional characteristics and health effects of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.): an overview." In Tree nuts: composition, phytochemicals, and health effects, ed. Cesarettin Alasalvar et Fereidoon Shahidi. Boca Raton Floridae: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849337352, ISBN 0849337356.
  • Alasalvar, Cesarettin, Angela M. Hoffman, et Fereidoon Shahidi. 2009. "Antioxidant activities and phytochemicals in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnut by-products." In Tree nuts: composition, phytochemicals, and health effects, ed. Cesarettin Alasalvar et Fereidoon Shahidi. Boca Raton Floridae: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849337352, ISBN 0849337356.
  • Alasalvar, Cesarettin, et Fereidoon Shahidi, eds. 2009. Tree nuts: composition, phytochemicals, and health effects. Boca Raton Floridae: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849337352, ISBN 0849337356.
  • Black, Michael H., et Peter Halmer. 2006. The encyclopedia of seeds: science, technology and uses. Wallingford, RB: CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-723-0.
  • Kelly, J. H., et J. Sabaté. 2006. "Nuts and coronary heart disease: an epidemiological perspective." British Journal of Nutrition 96: 61–67.
  • Martins, S., F. SimAues, J. Matos, A. P. Silva, et V. Carnide. 2014. "Genetic relationship among wild, landraces, and cultivars of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) from Portugal revealed through ISSR and AFLP markers." Plant Systematics and Evolution 300 (5): 1035–46. doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0942-3. HDL 10348/6564.
  • Moffat, Alistair. 2005. Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History. Londinii: Thames & Hudson.
  • Mithen, Steven, et Wendy Carruthers. 2019. "Plant Use in the Mesolithic: Evidence from Staosnaig, Isle of Colonsay, Scotland." Journal of Archaeological Science 28, no. 3 (Martius): 223-34. doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0536.
  • Tesche, William Carl. 1956. The walnut and filbert industries of the Mediterranean Basin. Vasingtoniae: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Nexus interni

Nexus externi recensere

  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Corylum avellanam spectant (Corylus avellana, Hazelnuts).