Nova Francia

Nova Francia, olim etiam Nova Gallia appellata,^[1] fuit regio a Francia colonizata in America Septentrionali per tempus quod coepit anno 1534, cum Iacobus Cartier Flumen Sancti Laurentii exploraret, ac finivit cum Francia Novam Franciam Hispaniae et Britanniarum Regno anno 1763 concederet. Summa potestate, anno 1712 (ante Pacem Traiecti ad Rhenum), terra Nova Francia, etiam aliquando Imperium Americanum Septentrionale Francicum et Nova Francia Regia appellata, extendebat a Terra Nova ad campos Canadienses et a Sinu Hudsoniano ad Sinum Mexici, omnibus Lacubus Magnis Americae Septentrionalis non exclusis.

Terra divisa est in colonias, quarum quisque suam administrationem habebat: Canada, Acadia, Terra Nova (Plaisance), et Ludoviciana.^[2] Pax Traiecti ad Rhenum agros Francicis assignatos in Acadia continentale, Sinu Hudsoniano, et Terra Nova reiecit, et Insulam Regalem constituit, coloniam quae nunc Insula Capitis Britanniae appellatur, ubi Francici Castellum Ludoviciburgense exstruxerunt.^[3]^[4] Acadiae erat historia omnino varia per Magnam Eversionem, calamitatem quae die 28 Iulii quotannis ex anno 2003 publice commemoratur. Proles Acadianorum in Provinciis Maritimis Canadae atque in Cenomannica et Ludoviciana in Civitatibus Foederatis disperguntur.

America Septentrionalis anno 1702, cum castellis, oppidis, et (coloribus solidis) regionibus ab Europaeis occupatis.

Lucra terrestria Britannica post Foedus Lutetiense rosea, et lucra terrestria Hispanica post Foedus Fontis Bleaudi flava.

Hierarchia politica Novae Franciae circa 1759.

Saeculo sexto decimo, coloni terram praecipue adhibebant ut opibus naturae uterentur. Saeculo septimo decimo coeperunt deductiones prosperae in Acadia, atque in Quebeco per nisus Samuelis Camplenii. Ante 1765, multitudo novae Provinciae Quebeci usque ad 70 000 colonorum fere pervenit.

Anno 1763, Francia Britanniae Maiori et Hispaniae concessit reliquias Novae Franciae praeter insulas Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis, per Foedus Lutetiense, quod Bellum Septem Annorum (Bellum Franco-Indianum) composuit. Britannia accepit Canadam, Acadiam, et partes Ludovicianae Francicae quae ad orientem Fluminis Mississippiensis iacuerunt, praeter Île d'Orléans,^? quae Hispaniae concessa est, cum terris occidentalibus, maiore Ludovicianae parte.

Anno 1800, Hispania eius partem Ludovicianae per clandestinum Foedus Tertium Sancti Hildefonsi Franciae reddit; quam autem Napoleo, dux Francicus, per Emptionem Ludovicianam anni 1803 Civitatibus Foederatis vicissim emit, potestatem colonicam Francicam in Americae Septentrionali continentali perpetuo finiens.

Nova Francia ad ultimum pars Civitatum Foederatarum et Canadae facta est, Insulis Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis solo vestigio sub regno Francico manente. In Civitatibus Foederatis, legatum Novae Franciae comprehendit permulta nomina locorum atque parvi greges hominum Francoloquentium; in Canada, bilinguismus et fortes identitates Francophonicae fortasse sunt durabilissima Novae Francia vestigia. Victoria Britannica varie inter Canadianos francophonos, et aliter inter Canadianos anglophonos et francophonos videtur.

Nexus interni

Notae recensere

↑ Morison 1971:323.
↑ Francis, Jones, et Smith 2009:51.
↑ Johnston, Andrew John Bayly (2001). Control and Order in French Colonial Louisbourg, 1713–1758. MSU Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 9780870135705
↑ "History". Fortress of Louisbourg Association.

Bibliographia recensere

Chartrand, René. 2008. The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600–1763.^{[nexus deficit]} Osprey Publications. ISBN 9781846032554.
Chartrand, René. 2008. The forts of New France: the Great Lakes, the Plains and the Gulf Coast, 1600–1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781846035043.
Charbonneau, H., et al. 1993. The First French Canadians: Pioneers in the St. Lawrence Valley. University of Delaware Press. Google Books.
Choquette, Leslie. 1997. Frenchmen into peasants: modernity and tradition in the peopling of French Canada. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674323157.
Dale, Ronald J. 2004. The Fall of New France: How the French Lost a North American Empire, 1754–1763. Toronti: James Lorimer and Company.
Dechêne, Louise. 1992. Habitants and merchants in seventeenth-century Montreal. Monte Regali: McGill-Queen's University Press. Google Books.
Eccles, W. J. 1968. Canadian Society during the French Regime. Canadian Historical Association. Google Books.
Eccles, W. J. 1969. The Canadian Frontier, 1534–1760. Torontone: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones, et Donald B. Smith. 2009. Journeys: A History of Canada. Cengage Learning. ISBN 0176442448.
Greer, Allan. 1997. The people of New France. Torontone: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0802078168.
Harris, Richard Colebrook. 1966. The Seigneurial System in Early Canada. Monte Regali: McGill-Queen's University Press. Google Books.
Landry, Yves. 1993. Fertility in France and New France: The Distinguishing Characteristics of Canadian Behavior in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Social Science History 17(4):577–592. JSTOR 1171305.
Morrison, Samuel Eliot. 1971. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192159410.
Munro, William Bennett. 1906. The Office of Intendant in New France. American Historical Review 12(1):15–38. Oxford University Press. doi:10.2307/1832882. JSTOR 1832882.
Moogk, Peter N. 2000. La Nouvelle-France: the making of French Canada: a cultural history. East Lansing Michiganiae: Michigan State University. ISBN 0870135287.
Trigger, Bruce. 1976. The Children of Aataentsic: A history of the Huron People to 1660. Monte Regali: McGill-Queens University Press.

Classici vetustiores recensere

Kingsford, William. 1890. The History of Canada: Canada under French rule. Vol. 4. Roswell & Hutchinson.
Parkman, Francis. 1983. Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV, A Half-Century of Conflict, Montcalm and Wolfe. France and England in North America, Pioneers of France in the New World, The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, The Old Regime in Canada, 2. Library of America.
Wrong, George M., et H. H. Langton. 1914, 2009. The Rise of New France. The Chronicles of Canada, 2. Fireship Press. ISBN 1934757454.
Wrong, George M. 1918. The Conquest of New France: A Chronicle of the Colonial Wars. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 1580572766.

Fontes primarii recensere

Lucien Campeau (ed.) Monumenta Novae Franciae: 1616-1634, in: Monumenta historica Societatis Iesu, 1979
Lawn, Katherine, et Claudio Salvucci, eds. 2005. Women in New France: Extracts from the Jesuit Relations. Bristoliae Pennsilvaniae: Evolution Publishing.

Historiographia recensere

Gagnon, Serge. 1978. The Historiography of New France, 1960-1974: Jean Hamelin to Louise Dechêne. Journal of Canadian Studies / Revue d'Études Canadiennes 13(1): 80ff.
Greer, Allan. 2010. National, Transnational, and Hypernational Historiographies: New France Meets Early American History. Canadian Historical Review 91(4): 695–724.

Francice scripta recensere

Havard, Gilles, et Cécile Vidal. 2003. Histoire de l'Amérique française. Lutetiae: Flammarion. ISBN 2082100456.
Lahaise, Robert, et Noël Vallerand. 1999. La Nouvelle-France 1524–1760. Outremont Quebeci: Lanctôt. ISBN 2894850603.