Linguistica quantitativa
Linguistica quantitativa est subdisciplina linguisticae generalis et disertius linguisticae mathematicae. Linguistica quantitativa doctrinam, mutationem, et adhibitionem linguae tractat, cum structura linguarum naturalium. Linguas investigat per rationes statisticas; eius propositum exigens est formulatio legum linguae et tandem generalis linguae theoria, sensu copiae legum linguarum coniunctatum.[1] Linguistica synergetica ex initio pro hoc proposito designata est.[2] Linguistica quantitativa empirice conditur in eventibus statisticae linguae, disciplinae quae interpretari potest ut statistica linguarum vel statistica ullius rei linguisticae. Haec disciplina cum magnis ambitionibus rationalibus non necessario coniungitur. Linguistica corporum et linguistica computationalis sunt aliae disciplinae quae indicia empirica magni momenti contribuunt.
Historia recensere
Primi conatus linguisticae quantitativae mundo antiquo Graeco et Indico orti sunt. Unus ex fontibus historicis in adhibitionibus combinatoricae ad res linguisticas consistit,[3] aliusque in simplicibus studiis statisticis conditus est, quae sub titulis colometria et stichometria inveniuntur.[4]
Leges linguae in linguistica quantitativa recensere
In linguistica quantitativa, notio legis intellegitur ut classis hypothesum legitimarum quae ab adsumptionibus rationalibus conlectae sunt, mathematice de quantitate exprimuntur, ad alias leges in disciplina pertinentur, et in datis empiricis satis et prospere probatae sunt. De legibus linguisticae quantitativae, Köhler scribit:
Monstrari potest has proprietates elementorum linguisticorum et coniunctionum inter eas stare in legibus universis quae severe mathematice formari possunt eodem modo ut in scientiis naturalibus vulgo invenitur. Debemus in hoc contextu meminisse has leges ingenium stochasticum habere; res singillatim non observantur (hoc erit nec necessarium nec possibile); eae potius probabilitates eventuum vel proportionum investigatarum determinant. Exempla contra ullum horum exemplorum facile inveniuntur; nihilominus, haec exempla leges congruentis non violant, quia variationes circum medianum statisticam non solum admitti sed etiam postulari debent; ipsae per quantitates a legibus congruentibus accurate determinantur. Hae res ab illis in scientiis naturalibus non differunt, quae multo ante veteres reliquerunt cosmotheorias determinismi et causalitatis et in eorum loco exemparia statisticae et probabilitatis substituerunt.[5][6]
Stylistica recensere
Stylistica, investigatio stilorum poeticorum et non poeticorum, condi potest in rationibus statisticis; praeterea, fieri potest investigationes facere per certas formas (parametra) quas leges linguisticae habent in textibus variis modis scriptis. Linguistica quantitativa in talibus rebus investigationes stilisticae sustinet. Unus ex finibus praecipuis est ut indicia sint tam equa quam fieri potest, etiam saltem in parte regni rerum modi per leges linguae attactas. Una ex primis adsumptionibus linguisticae quantitativae est quod nonnullae leges (e.g., distributio longitudinum verborum) varia exemplaria requirunt, saltem varias legum aestimationes parametricas (distributione vel functiones), de genere textus dependens cui certus textus pertinet. Cum textus poetici investigantur, rationes linguisticae quantitativae sunt subdisciplina quantitativa litterarum studii, stylometria appellata.[7][8]
Auctores magni momenti recensere
- Gabriel Altmann (1931-2020)[9]
- Otto Behaghel (1854–1936]; vide Leges Behaghelianas.
- Carolus Henricus Best[10][11]
- Sergius Grigor'evič Čebanov (1897–1966)[12]
- Gulielmus Palin Elderton (1877–1962)[13]
- Gertraud Fenk-Oczlon[14]
- Ernestus Gulielmus Förstemann (1822–1906)[15]
- Gulielmus Fucks (1902–1990)[16]
- Petrus Grzybek (1957-2019)[17]
- Gustavus Herdan (1897–1968);[18][19]
- Luděk Hřebíček (1934)[20]
- Fridericus Gulielmus Kaeding (1843–1928)[21]
- Reinhardus Köhler[22]
- Werner Lehfeldt (1943)[23]
- Victor Vasil'evič Levickij (1938–2012)[24]
- Haitao Liu[25]
- Helmuthus Meier (1897–1973)
- Paulus Menzerath (1883–1954),[26] vide Lex Menzerathiana.
- Sizuo Mizutani (1926)[27]
- Augustus de Morgan (1806–1871).
- Carolus Muller, Straßburg[28]
- Raimundus G. Piotrowski[29][30]
- L. A. Sherman
- Juhan Tuldava (1922–2003)[31]
- Andreas Wilson, Lancaster[32]
- Albertus Thumb (1865–1915)[33]
- Georgius Kingsley Zipf (1902–1950); vide Lex Zipfiana.
- Eberhardus Zwirner (1899–1984); vide Phonometria.[34]
Nexus interni
Notae recensere
- ↑ Reinhard Köhler, "Gegenstand und Arbeitsweise der Quantitativen Linguistik," in Köhler, Altmann, et Piotrowskie 2005:1–16.
- ↑ Reinhard Köhler, "Synergetic linguistics," in Köhler, Altmann, et Piotrowskie 2005:760–774.
- ↑ N. L. Biggs, "The Roots of Combinatorics," Historia Mathematica 6 (1979):109–136.
- ↑ Adam Pawłowski, "Prolegomena to the History of Corpus and Quantitative Linguistics: Greek Antiquity," Glottotheory 1(2008):48–54.
- ↑ Anglice: "It can be shown that these properties of linguistic elements and of the relations among them abide by universal laws which can be formulated strictly mathematically in the same way as common in the natural sciences. One has to bear in mind in this context that these laws are of stochastic nature; they are not observed in every single case (this would be neither necessary nor possible); they rather determine the probabilities of the events or proportions under study. It is easy to find counterexamples to each of the above-mentioned examples; nevertheless, these cases do not violate the corresponding laws as variations around the statistical mean are not only admissible but even essential; they are themselves quantitatively exactly determined by the corresponding laws. This situation does not differ from that in the natural sciences, which have since long abandoned the old deterministic and causal views of the world and replaced them by statistical/probabilistic models."
- ↑ Cf. notam 1, pp. 1–2.
- ↑ Alexander Mehler, "Eigenschaften der textuellen Einheiten und Systeme," in Köhler, Altmann, et Piotrowski 2005:325–348, esp. Quantitative Stilistik, pp. 339–340.
- ↑ Vivien Altmann et Gabriel Altmann, Anleitung zu quantitativen Textanalysen: Methoden und Anwendungen (Lüdenscheid: RAM-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-9802659-5-9).
- ↑ Peter Grzybek et Reinhard Köhler, eds., Exact Methods in the Study of Language and Text:. Dedicated to Gabriel Altmann on the Occasion of his 75th Birthday (Berolini et Novi Eboraci: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007).
- ↑ de:Benutzer:Dr._Karl-Heinz_Best
- ↑ Index.
- ↑ de:Sergei Grigorjewitsch Tschebanow.
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Best (2009), "William Palin Elderton (1877-1962)," Glottometrics 19: 99–101 (PDF ram-verlag.eu PDF).
- ↑ Situs interretialis Gertraud Fenk proprius.
- ↑ de:Ernst Förstemann; Karl-Heinz Best (2006), "Ernst Wilhelm Förstemann (1822-1906)," Glottometrics 12: 77–86 (ram-verlag.eu PDF).
- ↑ Dieter Aichele, "Das Werk von W. Fucks," Quantitative Linguistik – Quantitative Linguistics: Ein internationales Handbuch, ed. Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann, et Rajmund G. Piotrowskide (Berolini et Noci Ebroaci: Gruyter, 2005), 152–58, ISBN 3-11-015578-8.
- ↑ Peter Grzybek : Homepage : Home / Kontakt.
- ↑ de:Gustav Herdan.
- ↑ Herdan dimension - Laws in Quantitative Linguistics.
- ↑ de:Luděk Hřebíček.
- ↑ de:Friedrich Wilhelm Kaeding.
- ↑ Universität Trier: Prof. Dr. Reinhard Köhler.
- ↑ "Lehfeldt, Werner, Prof. em. Dr," www.uni-goettingen.de (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen).
- ↑ Festschrift on the occasion of the 70th anniversary: Problems of General, Germanic and Slavic Linguistics: Papers for 70th Anniversary of Professor V. Levickij, ed. Gabriel Altmann, Iryna Zadoroshna, Yuliya Matskulyak. Books, Chernivtsi 2008. (Nullum ISBN.) Levickij dedicatum: Glottometrics 16, 2008 (ram-verlag.eu PDF); Emmerich Kelih, "Der Czernowitzer Beitrag zur Quantitativen Linguistik: Zum 70. Geburtstag von Prof. Dr. Habil. Viktor V. Levickij," Naukovyj Visnyk Černivec’koho Universytetu: Hermans’ka filolohija: Vypusk 407 2008: 3–10.
- ↑ Human-Language-Computer - staff Homepage, ZJU.
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Best, "Paul Menzerath (1883-1954)," Glottometrics 14, 2007: 86–98 (ram-verlag.eu PDF).
- ↑ Shizuo Mizutani (2006), "Portrait on the occasion of his 80th anniversary," Glottometrics 12 (ram-verlag.eu PDF); de Mizutani: Naoko Maruyama: Sizuo Mizutani (1926). The Founder of Japanese Quantitative Linguistics, Glottometrics 10, 2005: 99–107 (ram-verlag.eu PDF).
- ↑ Charles Muller, Initiation à la statistique linguistique (Lutetiae: Larousse 1968); Theodisce: Einführung in die Sprachstatistik (Monaci: Hueber, 1972).
- ↑ Rajmund G. Piotrowski, R. G. Piotrovskij; cf. legem Piotrowskianam: http://lql.uni-trier.de/index.php/Change_in_language
- ↑ de:Piotrowski-Gesetz.
- ↑ Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 4(1), 1997 (Festschrift Honoris Juh. Tuldava).
- ↑ Dr Andrew Wilson - Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University.
- ↑ de:Albert Thumb.
- ↑ de:Eberhard Zwirner.
Bibliographia recensere
- Best, Karl-Heinz. 2006. Quantitative Linguistik. Eine Annäherung. 3., stark überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Goettingen: Peust & Gutschmidt. ISBN 3-933043-17-4.
- Best, Karl-Heinz, et Otto Rottmann. 2017. Quantitative Linguistics, an Invitation. Lüdenscheid: RAM-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-942303-51-4.
- Guiter, H., et M. V. Arapov, eds. 1982. Studies on Zipf's Law. Bochum: Brockmeyer. ISBN 3-88339-244-8.
- Köhler, Reinhard, cum Christiane Hoffmann. 1995. Bibliography of Quantitative Linguistics. Amstelodami et Philadelphiae: Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-3751-4.
- Köhler, Reinhard, Gabriel Altmann, et Rajmund G. Piotrowski, eds. 2005. Quantitative Linguistik: Quantitative Linguistics: Ein internationales Handbuch: An International Handbook. Berolini et Novi Eboraci: de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-015578-8.
- Liu, Haitao, et Wei Huang. 2012. Quantitative Linguistics: State of the Art, Theories and Methods. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Science) 43(2):178–192.
Nexus externi recensere
- IQLA, www.iqla.org (International Quantitative Linguistics Association)