Historia scribendi plerumque est evolutio linguae litteris aut aliis indicibus expressae[3] ac huius progressus investigandi et describendi.

Sumer, civilizatio Mesopotamiae meridianae, putatur locus ubi lingua scripta primum excogitata est, circa 3200 a.C.n.
Tabula Kish, calx ex Sumer litteris pictographicis praedita; fortasse prima scriptura nota, 3500 a.C.n. Museum Ashmoleanum.
Tabula legitima Babyloniana Media ex Alalah in involucro.
Sequentia decem signorum civilizationus Indae prope septentrionalem Dholavirae loci Indi portam inventorum.
Exempla signorum Jiahu, indicia sicut scriptura in testis testudinidarum, ex 6000 a.C.n. fere inventorum.[1][2]
Cippus Perusinus, scriptura Etrusca prope Perusiam Italiae. Incipium scripturae in abecedario Latino.
Abecedarium Graecum primum in fictilibus in Museo Archaeologico Nationali Athenarum.

In historia modorum per quos systematum repraesentationis linguae modi graphicis factarum se in variis civilizationibus humanis evolverunt, pleniora systemata scribendi protoscriptura secuta sunt, systemata signorum ideographicorum et/vel mnemonicorum. Scriptura vera, in qua res in dicto linguistico contenta digeruntur ut alius lector exactum dictum scriptum mediocri subtilitatis gradu reconstruere potest, est progressus posterior. A protoscriptura distinguitur, quae grammatica vocabulorum et affixorum signa usitate evitat. Una ex primis expressionis scriptae formis notis est scriptura cuneiformis.[4]

Nexus interni

Praecipua

Brahmi, Bustrophedon, Devanagari, Logogramma, Palaeographia, Phonetica, Signa Vinča, Scriptura Asemica

Generalia

Abecedarium, Abecedarium Latinum, Epigraphia, Liber, Manuscriptum, Mixteca, Ogham, Scriptura Inda, Stenographia, Systema scribendi, Uncia, Zapoteca, Aurignacianum, Character Sinicus (kanji, hanja), Ugarit, katakana, Acheuleanus, Ethnoarchaeologiae, Hoabinhianus, Gravettianus, Oldowanus, Uruk, Abecedarium Etruscum, hieroglypha Cretica, Nabataeana, Luwiana, Olmeca, Busra, lingua Tamil, Kannada, Collis Grakliani

Alia

Abjad, Historia artis (Ars antiqua), Historia dyslexiae progressivae, Historia numerorum, Litterae orales

Notae recensere

  1. Pilcher 2003.
  2. "Symbols carved into tortoise shells more than 8,000 years ago . . . unearthed at a mass-burial site at Jiahu in the Henan Province of western China" (Li et al. 2003).
  3. Daniels 1996:3.
  4. Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon (Novi Eboraci: St. Martin's Press, 2003, ISBN 0312330022).

Bibliographia recensere

  • Daniels, Peter T. 1996. The Study of Writing Systems. In The World's Writing Systems, ed. Bright et Daniels.
  • Li, X., G. Harbottle, J. Zhang, et C. Wang. 2003. The earliest writing? Sign use in the seventh millennium BC at Jiahu, Henan Province, China. Antiquity 77:31-44.
  • Millard, A. R. 1986. The Infancy of the Alphabet. World Archaeology 17(3):390–398. doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979978.
  • Olivier, J.-P. 1986. Cretan Writing in the Second Millennium B.C. World Archaeology 17(3):377–389. doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979977.
  • Pilcher, Helen R. 2003. Earliest handwriting found? Chinese relics hint at Neolithic rituals. Nature, 30 Aprilis. doi:10.1038/news030428-7.

Bibliographia addita recensere

Fontes saeculi vicensimi unius
Fontes saeculi vicensimi recentioris
Fontes primi saeculi vicensimi
  • Neugebauer, Otto, Abraham Joseph Sachs, et Albrecht Götze. 1945. Mathematical Cuneiform Texts. American Oriental Society et American Schools of Oriental Research.
  • Smith, William Anton. 1922. The Reading Process. Novi Eboraci: Macmillan.
  • Chisholm, Hugh. 1911. Writing. Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Cantabrigiae: University Press.
  • Clodd, Edward. The Story of the Alphabet. Library of Useful Stories.

Nexus externi recensere

Cuneiformis
Generalia
Emissiones