Historia Mediae Americae plerumque terras nunc a civitatibus Guatemala, Beliza, Salvatore, Honduria, Nicaragua, Costarica, et Panama rectas comprehendit. Nonnullis autem sensibus et temporibus, Media America incipit in Mexico, ad isthmum Tehuantepec, atque Iucatania, olim civitas sui iuris, pars fuit Americae Mediae. In finibus australibus, Panama ante libertatem anno 1903 confectam, pars Columbiae civitatis Americae Australis, vel eius antecessorum civilitate culturaque habebatur. Beliza, civitas angloloquens, cui est historia propria, regio separata habita est.

Politica Mediae Americae regionisque Caribicae evolutio ab anno 1700 ad praesens.
Vexillum civitatis Mediae Americae.
Media America anno 1892.

Mediae Americae, regioni longae et angustae, geographice non est aperta media pars. Guatemala rebus historicis religiosisque dux habebatur, sed aliae regiones pars confoederationis in Guatemala conditae esse noluerunt. Proprietatum geographicarum causa, regio ex ullo loco medio intractabilis est. Praeterea, civitates sunt diversiores quam primo aspectu apparent. Nonnullis (Guatemalae) magna multitudo hominum indigenarum; aliis (Costaricae) non est. Nonnullae (Salvatoria) ad litus Pacificum, sed aliae (Beliza, Honduria) ad litus Caribicum vel Atlanticum animum attendunt. Ambo litora partes magni momenti agunt in Panama et minus in Guatemala et Costarica. Panama magnopere a Civitatibus Foederatis movetur, dollario Civitatum Foederatarum pro moneta utitur, magnam industriam et fontem vectigalis habet (canalem Panamensem), cum urbanitate quae ex navibus per canalem transientibus et olim ex militaribus Civitatum Foederatarum castris in Zona Canalis venit.

Coniunctio politica ad tempus recensere

Res Publica Foederalis Mediae Americae fuit civitas sui iuris in Media America a Guatemala, Honduria, Salvatoria, Nicaragua, et Ora Opulenta anno 1823 condita, quae autem dilabatur annis 1830 et finem habuit anno 1840. Praesides erant Iosephus Caecilus del Valle 1823–1825), Manuel Iosephus Arce y Fagoaga (1825–1829), Iosephus Franciscus Barrundia y Cepeda (1829–1830), Franciscus Morazán (1830–1839).

Saeculum vicensimum recensere

Iudicium Iustitiae Mediae Americae anno 1907 constitutum est. Die 13 Decembris 1960, Guatemala, Salvatoria, Honduria, et Nicaragua macellum commune inter sese constituerunt, Costarica ei non interesse instituente. Opus macelli communis erat meliorem coniunctionem politicam efficere et rationes industrializationis substitutionis importorum promovere. Propositum prosperum erat, sed post bellum pediludii appellatum inter Salvatoriam et Honduriam relictum est.

Nexus interni

Bibliographia recensere

Generalia recensere

  • Gómez Carrillo, Agustín. 1900. Elementos de la historia de Centroamérica. Matriti: Imprenta de Hernando y Compañía.
  • Hall, Carolyn. 2003. Historical atlas of Central America. Normaniae Oclahomae: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Hoopes, John W., et Oscar Fonseca Z. 2003. Goldwork and Chibchan Identity:Endogenous Change and Diffuse Unity in the Isthmo-Colombian Area. Vasingtoniae: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-82631-000-2. Editio interretialis. PDF.
  • Pérez Brignoli, Héctor, Ricardo Sawrey, et Susana Stettri. 1985. A brief history of Central America. Berkeleiae Californiae: University of California Press. ISBN 0520068327.
  • RIALP. 1992. Emancipación y nacionalidades americanas. Historia general de España y América, 13. Matriti: RIALP.
  • Taracena, Arturo. 1999. Invención criolla, sueño ladino, pesadilla indígena: Los Altos de Guatemala: de región a Estado, 1740–1871. Guatemala: CIRMA.
  • Woodward, Ralph Lee. 1999. Central America, a nation divided. Ed. tertia. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press.

Aevum colonicum recensere

  • Brown, Richmond F. 1997. Juan Fermín de Aycinena, Central American Colonial Entrepreneur, 1729–1796. Normanniae: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Dym, Jordana, et Christophe Belaubre, eds. 2007. Politics, Economy, and Society in Bourbon Central America. Normanniae: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Gerhard, Peter. 1979. The Southeast Frontier of New Spain. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Jones, Grant D. 1998. The conquest of the last Maya kingdom. Stanford Californiae: Stanford University Press.
  • Jones, Grant D. 1989. Maya resistance to Spanish rule: time and history on a colonial frontier. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Kinkead, D. T., ed. 1985. Urbanization in Colonial Central America. Seville.
  • Lanning, John Tate. 2001. The Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment in the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Cornell University Press.
  • MacLeod, Murdo J. 1973. Spanish Central America: A Socioeconomic History, 1520–1720. Berkeleiae et Angelopoli: University of California Press.
  • Patch, Robert W. 2011. Indians and the Political Economy of Colonial Central America, 1670–1810. Normanniae: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Rieu-Millan, Marie Laure. 1990. Los diputados americanos en las Cortes de Cádiz: Igualdad o independencia. Matriti: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. ISBN 978-8400070915.
  • Sherman, William. 1979. Forced Native Labor in Sixteenth Century Central America. Lincolniae: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Wortman, Miles. 1982. Government and Society in Colonial Central America. Novi Eboraci.

Post libertatem captam recensere

  • Booth, John A., Christine J. Wade, et Thomas Walker, eds. 2014. Understanding Central America: Global Forces, Rebellion, and Change. Westview Press.
  • Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. 1987. Political Economy of Central America Since 1920. Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coatsworth, John H. 1994. Central America and the United States: the clients and the `colossus. Twayne Publishing.
  • Hernández de León, Federico. 1930. El libro de las efemérides. Guatemala: Tipografía Sánchez y de Guise
  • Hernández de León, Federico. 1959. El capítulo de las efemérides. Diario La Hora (Guatemala).
  • Martínez Peláez, Severo. 1990. La patria del criollo; ensayo de interpretación de la realidad colonial guatemalteca. Mexicopoli: Ediciones en Marcha.
  • LaFeber, Walter. 1993. Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America. Ed. secunda. Novi Eboraci: Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-01787-8.
  • LeoGrande, William M. 1998. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977–1992. University of North Carolina Press. Editio interretialis.
  • Peloso, Vincent C., et Barbara A. Tenenbaum. 1996. Liberals, politics, and power: state formation in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. Athenia Georgiae: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-1800-4.
  • Woodward, Ralph Lee, Jr. 1993. Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821–1871. Athenis Georgiae: University of Georgia Press.
  • Woodward, Ralph Lee, Jr. 2002. Rafael Carrera y la creación de la República de Guatemala, 1821–1871. Serie monográfica (CIRMA y Plumsock Mesoamerican Studies), 12. ISBN 0-910443-19-X.

Miscellanea recensere

  • Arévalo Martínez, Rafael. 1945. ¡Ecce Pericles! Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional.
  • González Davison, Fernando. 2008. La montaña infinita: Carrera, caudillo de Guatemala. Guatemala: Artemis y Edinter. ISBN 84-89452-81-4.
  • Reyes, Rafael. 1885. Nociones de Historia del Salvador. Salvatoriae: Imprenta Francisco Sagrini.
  • Squier, Ephraim George. 1852. Nicaragua, its people, scenery, monuments and the proposed Interoceanic Canal' Novi Eboraci: D. Appleton and Co.
  • Stephens, John Lloyd, et Frederick Catherwood. 1854. Incidents of travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. Londinii: Arthur Hall, Virtue and Co.
  • Williams, Mary Wilhelmine. 1920. "The ecclesiastical policy of Francisco Morazán and the other Central American liberals." The Hispanic American Historical Review 3 (2).

Nexus externi recensere

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