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Redirigens ad Cafea
 
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:''This article discusses the coffee plant; for information on the beverage, see [[coffee]].''
#REDIRECT [[Cafea]]
{{Nofootnotes|date=February 2008}}
 
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Coffeea''
| image = Coffee_Tree.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Species ''[[Coffea arabica|Coffeae arabicae]]'' arbores in [[Brasilia]]
| regnum = [[Planta]]
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Gentianales]]
| familia = [[Rubiaceae]]
| genus = '''''Coffea'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''[[Coffea arabica]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea benghalensis]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea canephora (robusta)|Coffea canephora]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea congensis]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea dewevrei]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea excelsa]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea gallienii]]'' <br/>
''[[Coffea bonnieri]]'' <br/>
''[[Coffea mogeneti]]'' <br/>
''[[Coffea liberica]]''<br/>
''[[Coffea stenophylla]]''
| image2 = Coffee1.jpg
| image2_width = 250px
| image2_caption = Fructus maturus ''Coffeae''
}}
 
'''''Coffea''''' est [[genus]] decem [[species|specierum]] [[planta]]rum florentium in familia [[Rubiaceae|Rubiacearum]]. Sunt frutices vel arbores parvae, indigines [[Africa]]e regionibus [[cancri tropicus|subtropicis]], et, ut accipitur, praecipue [[Ethiopia]]e.<ref>http://www.coffeeresearch.org/coffee/history.htm (Anglice)</ref> Seminibus harum [[coffeum]], [[potio]] ac [[infusum]], in qua est [[coffeinum]], quae late multis cotidie potatur, concoquitur.
 
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== Botany ==
[[Image:Detail of Coffea canephora branch and leaves.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|Robusta Coffee]]
When grown in the [[tropics]] coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree easily grown to a height of 3&ndash;3.5 m (10&ndash;12 feet). It is capable of withstanding severe pruning. It cannot be grown where there is a winter frost. Bushes grow best at high elevations. To produce a maximum yield of coffee berries (800-1400 kg per [[hectare]]), the plants need substantial amounts of water and fertilizer. [[Calcium carbonate]] and other [[Lime (mineral)|lime minerals]] are sometimes used to reduce [[acid]]ity in the soil, which can occur due to run off of minerals from the soil in mountainous areas.<ref>[http://www.ineedcoffee.com/04/lime/ Significance of Lime Application in Coffee Plantations] [[INeedCoffee]] (Accessed 23 July 2006)</ref> The [[caffeine]] content in coffee "beans" is a natural defense, the toxic substance repelling many creatures that would otherwise eat the seeds, as with [[nicotine]] in [[tobacco]] leaves.
 
There are several species of ''Coffee'' that may be grown for the beans, but ''Coffea arabica'' is considered to have the best quality. The other species (especially ''Coffea canephora'' (var. ''robusta'')) are grown on land unsuitable for ''[[Coffea arabica]]''. The tree produces red or purple fruits ([[drupe]]s, or "coffee berries"), which contain two seeds (the "coffee beans", although not true [[beans]]). In about 5-10% of any crop of coffee cherries, the cherry will contain only a single bean, rather than the two usually found. This is called a '[[peaberry]]', which is smaller and rounder than a normal coffee bean. Some claim that peaberries have a different flavor profile in the cup, while others dispute this. Either way, it is often removed from the yield and either sold separately (such as in New Guinea Peaberry), or discarded.
 
The coffee tree will grow fruits after 3&ndash;5 years, for about 50&ndash;60 years (although up to 100 years is possible). The blossom of the coffee tree is similar to [[jasmine]] in color and smell. The fruit takes about nine months to ripen. Worldwide, an estimate of 15 billion coffee trees are growing on 100,000 km² of land.
 
Coffee is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Dalcera|Dalcera abrasa]]'', [[Turnip Moth]] and some members of the genus ''[[Endoclita]]'' including ''E. damor'' and ''E. malabaricus''.
[[Image:Eth1 coffeelady.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Coffee farmer in [[Ethiopia]].]]
 
===Shade Grown Coffee===
In its natural environment, coffea grows under the shade. Most coffee is produced on full-sun plantations, some of which were prepared through deforestation. Shade grown coffee naturally mulches its environment, lives twice as long as sun grown varieties, and depletes less of the soil's resources. Shade grown coffee is also believed by some to be of higher quality than sun grown varieties, as the cherries produced by the coffea plants under the shade are not as large as commercial varieties. Some believe that this smaller cherry concentrates the flavors of the cherry into the seed (bean) itself.<ref name=shadegrown>{{cite web|title=Why Shade Grown Coffee is Important|publisher=Grounds for Change|url=http://www.groundsforchange.com/learn/shadegrown.php?}}</ref>
Shade grown coffee is also associated with environmentally friendly ecosystems that provide a wider variety and number of migratory birds than those of sun grown coffea farms.<ref name=shadegrown/>
[[Image:Coffee Immature.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Coffee ([[Coffea arabica]]) branch with immature fruit - Brazil]]
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==Notae==
<references/>
 
==Vide etiam==
*[[Coffeum]]
 
==Nexus externi==
{{commons|Coffea}}
{{vicispecies|Coffea}}
 
[[Categoria:Plantae]]
 
[[cs:Kávovník]]
[[da:Kaffe-slægten]]
[[de:Kaffee (Pflanze)]]
[[en:Coffea]]
[[es:Coffea]]
[[eo:Kafarbo]]
[[fr:Caféier]]
[[id:Tanaman kopi]]
[[he:קפה (צמח)]]
[[lt:Kavamedis]]
[[nl:Koffieplant]]
[[ja:コーヒーノキ]]
[[no:Kaffeplanter]]
[[nn:Kaffiplante]]
[[oc:Coffea]]
[[pl:Kawowiec]]
[[pt:Cafeeiro]]
[[ru:Кофейное дерево]]
[[simple:Coffea]]
[[sk:Kávovník]]
[[sl:Kavovec]]
[[sr:Кафа (биљка)]]
[[sv:Kaffesläktet]]
[[vi:Cây cà phê]]
[[uk:Кавове дерево]]
[[zh:咖啡树]]