Quantum redactiones paginae "Linguae Polynesicae" differant
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****** [[Lingua Rapana]]
Cum linguae Polynesiae inter se nuperius diffidissent, multa verba his in linguis ad verba congruentia accedunt. Hanc rem monstrat tabula infra, verbis pro ''caelo, septentrione, muliere,'' et ''parenti'' inter linguas selectaa: [[Lingua Tongana|Tonganam]], [[Lingua Niueana|Niueanam]], [[Lingua Samoana|Samoanam]] [[Lingua Sikaianana|Sikaiananam]], [[Lingua Takuuana|Takuuanam]], [[Lingua Rapanuiana|Rapanuianam]], [[Lingua Tahitiana|Tahitianam]], [[Lingua Insularum Cook|Rarotonganam]], [[Lingua Maoriana|Maorianam]], [[Lingua Marquesana|Marquesanam Septentrionalem]], [[Lingua Marquesana|Marquesanam Australem]], et [[Lingua Havaiana|Havaianam]]. Litterae sunt phoneticae, non orthographicae:
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Multae linguae Polynesiae have been greatly affected by European colonization. Both Māori and Hawaiian, for example, have lost much ground to [[English language| English]], and have only recently been able to make progress toward restoration.-->
===Pronomina personalia===<!--▼
Plurimis alphabetis Polynesiis sunt solum quinque litterae vocales, ''a, e, i, o, u,'' quae in enunciatione litteras Latinas classicales ''a, e, i, o, u'' adumbrant. . . .<!--Unfortunately the missionaries did not realize that [[vowel length]] or the occurrence of the [[pausa glottalis]] resulted in words of different meanings. By the time that [[linguists]] made their way to the Pacific, at least for the major languages, the ''Bible'' was already printed according to the orthographic system developed by the missionaries, and the people had learned to read and write without marking vowel length or the glottal stop.▼
This situation persists up to now in many languages, despite efforts of local academies to change it. Varying results have been achieved in the different languages and several writing systems exist. The most common method, however, is the one where a [[macron]] is used to indicate a long vowel, while a vowel without that accent is short. For example: '''ā''' versus '''a'''. The glottal stop (not present in all Polynesian languages, but where present it is one of the most common [[consonants]]) is indicated by an [[apostrophe]]. For example: ''a'' versus ''a.'' This is somewhat of an anomaly as the apostrophe is most often used to represent letters which have been omitted, while the glottal stop is rather a [[consonant]] which is not written. The problem can somewhat be alleviated by changing the simple apostrophe in a curly one, taking a normal comma for the elision and the inverted comma for the glottal stop. The latter method has come into common use in Polynesian languages.-->▼
Linguis Polynesiis generaliter sunt tres [[Numerus (grammatica)|numeri]] pro pronminibus et verbis possessivis. . . .<!-- singular, [[dual (grammatical number)|dual]] and plural. For example in Māori: ''ia'' (he/she), ''rāua'' (they two), ''rātou'' (they 3 or more). The words ''rua'' (2) and ''toru'' (3) are still discernible in endings of the dual and plural pronouns, giving the impression that the plural was originally a [[Grammatical number#Trial number|trial]], and that an original plural has disappeared.<ref>Indeed [[Fijian language|Fijian]], a language closely related to Polynesian, has singular, dual, trial, and plural; and even there we may see the trial replacing the plural in some generations to come, as the trial there currently can be used for a group from 3 up to as many as 10.</ref>-->
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===Possessio in ''a'' et ''o''===
Multae linguae Polynesiae distinguunt inter duas formas possessivas: formae in ''a'' (quia plurimae harum linguarum litteram sonamque ''a'' continent), etiam dictae 'possessivae subiectivae' vel 'alienabiles,' spectant ad possessiones
Multae linguae Polynesiae distinguunt inter duas formas possessivas. . . . <!-- The a-possessives (as they contain that letter in most cases), also known as subjective possessives, refer to possessions which must be acquired by one's own action. ([[alienable possession]]) The o-possessives or objective possessives refer to possessions which are fixed to you, unchangeable, and do not necessitate any action on your part, (but upon which actions can still be performed by others). ([[inalienable possession]]) Some words can take either form, often with a difference in meaning. Compare the particles used in the names of two of the books of the Māori Bible: ''Te Pukapuka '''a''' Heremaia'' (The Book of Jeremiah) with ''Te Pukapuka '''o''' Hōhua'' (The Book of Joshua); the former belongs to Jeremiah in the sense that he was the author, while the Book of Joshua was written by someone else about Joshua.-->▼
ab ipsius hominis actione adeptae; formae in ''o,'' dictae 'possessivae obiectivae' vel 'inalienabiles,' spectant ad possessiones
▲
▲===Orthographia===
▲Plurimis alphabetis Polynesiis sunt solum quinque litterae vocales, ''a, e, i, o, u,'' quae in enunciatione litteras Latinas classicales ''a, e, i, o, u'' adumbrant. . . .<!--Unfortunately the missionaries did not realize that [[vowel length]] or the occurrence of the [[pausa glottalis]] resulted in words of different meanings. By the time that [[linguists]] made their way to the Pacific, at least for the major languages, the ''Bible'' was already printed according to the orthographic system developed by the missionaries, and the people had learned to read and write without marking vowel length or the glottal stop.
▲This situation persists up to now in many languages, despite efforts of local academies to change it. Varying results have been achieved in the different languages and several writing systems exist. The most common method, however, is the one where a [[macron]] is used to indicate a long vowel, while a vowel without that accent is short. For example: '''ā''' versus '''a'''. The glottal stop (not present in all Polynesian languages, but where present it is one of the most common [[consonants]]) is indicated by an [[apostrophe]]. For example: ''a'' versus ''a.'' This is somewhat of an anomaly as the apostrophe is most often used to represent letters which have been omitted, while the glottal stop is rather a [[consonant]] which is not written. The problem can somewhat be alleviated by changing the simple apostrophe in a curly one, taking a normal comma for the elision and the inverted comma for the glottal stop. The latter method has come into common use in Polynesian languages.
==Vide etiam==
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