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==Partes==<!--
[[Image:PPnMajorGroups.png|right|thumb|300px|The major subgroups of the Polynesian languages]]
Recent research indicates that the traditional classification, with its [[Samoic languages|Samoic Outlier]] proposal, is not justified by shared innovations in the Polynesian languages.-->
Haec classificatio in studiastudio mutationum sonorum fortuitorum in variis linguis (Marck 2000) posita est.
*[[Linguae Tongicae]]
*[[Linguae Polynesianae Nucleares]]
**[[Lingua Uveana|Uveana]] vel Fakauveana vel ''wallisienne,'' lingua [[Uvea|Uveae Insulae]]
**[[Lingua Uveana OccidentaliaOccidentalis|Uveana Occidentalis]] vel Fagauvea vel ''faga-ouvéa,'' lingua Insulae [[Ouvéa]], in [[Insulae Fidelitatis|Insulis Fidelitatis]] in [[Nova Caledonia]]
**[[Lingua Futunana|Futunana]] vel Fakafutuna
**[[Lingua Futunana-Aniwana]] vel Lingua Futunana Occidentalis, in ([[Vanuatu]])
Similarities in basic vocabulary may allow speakers from different island groups to achieve a surprising degree of understanding of each other's speech. Cum a particular language shows unexpectedly large divergence in vocabulary, this may be the result of a name-avoidance taboo situation - vide exempla Tahitiana in commentario [[Nomina vetita]].
Multae linguae Polynesiae have been greatly affected by European colonization. Both Māori and Hawaiian, for example, have lost much ground to [[English language| English]], and have only recently been able to make progress toward restoration.-->
===Pronomina personalia===<!--
InLinguis general,Polynesiis Polynesiangeneraliter languagessunt have threetres [[GrammaticalNumerus number(grammatica)|numbersnumeri]] forpro pronounspronminibus andet possessives:verbis possessivis. . . .<!-- singular, [[dual (grammatical number)|dual]] and plural. For example in Māori: ''ia'' (he/she), ''rāua'' (they two), ''rātou'' (they 3 or more). The words ''rua'' (2) and ''toru'' (3) are still discernible in endings of the dual and plural pronouns, giving the impression that the plural was originally a [[Grammatical number#Trial number|trial]], and that an original plural has disappeared.<ref>Indeed [[Fijian language|Fijian]], a language closely related to Polynesian, has singular, dual, trial, and plural; and even there we may see the trial replacing the plural in some generations to come, as the trial there currently can be used for a group from 3 up to as many as 10.</ref>-->
SuntLinguae quattuorPolynesiae distinctionesdistinguunt linguisinter Polynesiisquattuor informas pronominibuspronominumm et verborum possessivorum. . . .<!--: first exclusive, first inclusive, second and third. For example in Māori, the plural pronouns are: ''mātou'' (we, exc), ''tātou'' (we, inc), ''koutou'' (you), ''rātou'' (they). The difference between [[Clusivity|exclusive and inclusive]] is the treatment of the person addressed. ''Mātou'' refers to the speaker and others but not the person or persons spoken to (''i.e.'', "I and some others, but not you"), while ''tātou'' refers to the speaker, the person or persons spoken to, and everyone else (''i.e.'', "You and I and others").-->
===Possessio in ''a'' andet ''o''===<!--
ManyMultae Polynesianlinguae languagesPolynesiae distinguishdistinguunt twointer [[Possessiveduas pronoun|possessives]]formas possessivas. . . . <!-- The a-possessives (as they contain that letter in most cases), also known as subjective possessives, refer to possessions which must be acquired by one's own action. ([[alienable possession]]) The o-possessives or objective possessives refer to possessions which are fixed to you, unchangeable, and do not necessitate any action on your part, (but upon which actions can still be performed by others). ([[inalienable possession]]) Some words can take either form, often with a difference in meaning. Compare the particles used in the names of two of the books of the Māori Bible: ''Te Pukapuka '''a''' Heremaia'' (The Book of Jeremiah) with ''Te Pukapuka '''o''' Hōhua'' (The Book of Joshua); the former belongs to Jeremiah in the sense that he was the author, while the Book of Joshua was written by someone else about Joshua.-->
===Orthographia===<!--
Plurimis alphabetis Polynesiis sunt solum quinque litterae vocales, ''a, e, i, o, u,'' quae in enunciatione litteras Latinas classicales ''a, e, i, o, u'' adumbrant. . . .<!--Unfortunately the missionaries did not realiserealize that [[vowel length]] or the occurrence of the [[pausa glottalis]] resulted in words of different meanings. By the time that [[linguists]] made their way to the Pacific, at least for the major languages, the ''Bible'' was already printed according to the orthographic system developed by the missionaries, and the people had learned to read and write without marking vowel length or the glottal stop. ▼
Most Polynesian alphabets have five vowels (a, e, i, o, u) corresponding roughly in pronunciation to classical [[Latin]].
▲Unfortunately the missionaries did not realise that [[vowel length]] or the occurrence of the [[pausa glottalis]] resulted in words of different meanings. By the time that [[linguists]] made their way to the Pacific, at least for the major languages, the ''Bible'' was already printed according to the orthographic system developed by the missionaries, and the people had learned to read and write without marking vowel length or the glottal stop.
This situation persists up to now in many languages, despite efforts of local academies to change it. Varying results have been achieved in the different languages and several writing systems exist. The most common method, however, is the one where a [[macron]] is used to indicate a long vowel, while a vowel without that accent is short. For example: '''ā''' versus '''a'''. The glottal stop (not present in all Polynesian languages, but where present it is one of the most common [[consonants]]) is indicated by an [[apostrophe]]. For example: ''a'' versus ''a.'' This is somewhat of an anomaly as the apostrophe is most often used to represent letters which have been omitted, while the glottal stop is rather a [[consonant]] which is not written. The problem can somewhat be alleviated by changing the simple apostrophe in a curly one, taking a normal comma for the elision and the inverted comma for the glottal stop. The latter method has come into common use in Polynesian languages.
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