Quantum redactiones paginae "David Humius" differant

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=== De lege Humiana ===
Plurimi philosophi [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] consentiunt Humium '''aestimationem''' a '''re ipsa''' exacte distinguere.<ref>Hare 1952: 29; Nowell-Smith 1954: 36-37; Flew 1964.</ref> Quae [[lex Humiana]] ('no ought from is') interdum appellatur "guillotina Humiana", appellaturquippe quae aestimationem a re ipsa abscindat. Et sane in philosophia morali ab enuntiatione ad ipsam rem pertinenti ('est') imprudenterinprudenter duci solet enuntiatio aestimativa ('debet'). Humius in omni doctrina morali hoc animadvertisse se dicit:
 
{{Citatio|[...] auctor paulisper communi ratiocinandi ratione procedit, et esse Deum probat, vel res humanas observat, cum subito [...] pro usitata ''est'' et ''non est'' enuntiationum copulatione nulli occurro enuntiationi, quae non cum ''debet'' et ''non debet'' conectatur. Quae mutatio inprudenter fit. [...] Nam cum ''debet'' et ''non debet'' aliquam novam relationem vel adfirmationem indicet, quam necesse est observari et explanari; et eodem tempore rationem reddi, nam minime comprehendi posse videtur, quomodo haec nova relatio ab aliis [[deductio (logica)|deduci]] possit, quae in totum ab ea differunt.
* [...] the author proceeds for some time in the ordinary way of reasoning, and establishes the being of a God, or makes observations concerning human affairs; when of a sudden [...] instead of the usual copulations of propositions, is, and is not, I meet with no proposition that is not connected with an ought, or an ought not. [...] For as this ought, or ought not, expresses some new relation or affirmation, it is necessary that it should be observed and explained; and at the same time that a reason should be given, for what seems altogether inconceivable, how this new relation can be a deduction from others, which are entirely different from it.|''Treatise'' 3.1.1.27.}}
 
ConstatVidetur igitur HumiumHumius vehementer hoc admonere, rem (''est'') non posse continere aestimationem (''esse debet''): inritum igitur esse ex facto (vel ex re pura) ad aestimationem concluderetransire. (velPauci deducere)loci apud Humium tantam in controversiam venerunt. Sunt qui putent eum modo negare aestimationes in modum enuntiiationum mathematicarum demonstrari posse.<ref>Slavov 2016.</ref> Quae cum ita sint, ex praemissis ad conclusionem ratiocinatione opus non est, nam eiusmodi ratiocinatio abest.
 
 
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* Garrett, Don (1997) ''Cognition and Commitment in Hume's Philosophy''. Oxford University Press.
* Hakkarainen, Jani (2012) Hume's Skepticism and Realism. ''British Journal for the History of Philosophy'' 20: 283–309.
* Hare, R. M. (1952) ''The Language of Morals.'' Oxford University Press.
* Jacobs, Jon (2009) Naturalism. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
* Kemp Smith, Norman (1941) ''The Philosophy of David Hume: A Critical Study of its Origins and Central Doctrines.'' Macmillan.
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* Norton, D. F. (ed. 1993) ''The Cambridge Companion to Hume''. Cambridge University Press.
* Norton, David Fate, & Mary J. Norton (1996) ''The David Hume Library.'' National Library of Scotland.
* Nowell-Smith, P. H. (1954) ''Ethics.'' Penguin.
* Phillipson, N. (1989) ''Hume.'' Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
* Quinton, Anthony (1998) ''Hume.'' Routledge.