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Linea 3: [[Fasciculus:Duenos inscription.jpg\|thumb\|[[Inscriptio Duenos]], ex [[saeculum 6 a.C.n.\|saeculo sexto a.C.n.]], primas [[abecedarium\|abecedarii]] [[Latinus Vetus\|Latini Veteris]] formas notas monstrat.]] '''~~Litterae Latinae, sive~~ Abecedarium Latinum''' ~~(????)~~ est [[litteratura]] [[abecedarium\|abecedaria]] vel [[alphabetum]] nunc temporis quam latissime patens. Praeter ipsam [[Lingua Latina\|linguam Latinam]], hoc abecedarium adaptatum est ad Latinitatis prolem, [[Linguae Romanicae\|linguas Romanicas]], necnon et ad [[Linguae Germanicae\|Germanicas]], [[Linguae Celticae\|Celticas]] nonnullasque [[Linguae Slavonicae\|Slavonicas]] inde ab [[Aevum Medium\|Aevo Medio]], et denique ad plurimas [[Europae linguae\|Europae linguas]]. [[Colonialismus ~~Europaeus~~\|Tempore colonialismi]] atque [[Proselytismus Christianus\|Christiani proselytismi]], abecedarium transfretavit [[mare\|maria]], atque in [[lingua\|linguis]] [[Linguae Indoamericanae\|Indoamericanis]], [[Linguae Indigenae Australianae\|indigenis Australianis]], [[Linguae Austronesiae\|Austronesiis]], [[Lingua Vietnamica\|Vietnamica]], [[Lingua Malayana\|Malayana]] et [[Linguae Indonesiae\|Indonesiis]] quoque adhibitum est. Recentius quidem, [[linguistica\|linguistae]] occidentales elegerunt potius abecedarium Latinum vel [[Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale]] (quod et ipsum ab abecedario Latino ducit fere originem) cum transcribendae fuerunt linguae haud Europaeae vel normae litterariae eis tribuendae; vide exempli gratia commentarium de [[abecedarium Africanum\|abecedario ~~referentiae~~Adricano]]. Usu hodierno, voce "abecedario Latino" appellatur omnis deductio ab abecedario quo utebantur [[Romani antiqui\|Romani]]. Haec varietates (e.g., [[abecedarium Italicum]]) litteras omittere possunt vel addere alias (e.gr. [[abecedarium Polonicum]]), litterarumque forma multarum mutata est decursu saeculorum, praesertim minuscularum. Abecedarium Latinum deducitur a varietate occidentali [[Abecedarium Graecum\|abecedarii Graeci]] nuncupato [[Abecedarium Cumanum\|Cumano]]. ==Litterae Abecedarii Latini== Abecedarium Latinum ex his [[graphema]]tis constat: {\|border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="margin-bottom:1em; font-size:large; text-align:center; border:0 none transparent;" summary="26 capital letters, each linked to its article" \|+ style="font-weight:normal; font-size:small; margin-top:1em;" \| Litterae maiusculae Linea 48: ==Historia== In [[~~Mythologia~~mythologia Romana\|mythologia Romana]] [[Carmenta]] litteras Graecas a filio [[Evander\|Evandro]], [[Arcadia\|Arcade]] e Graecia profugo, in Italiam ante [[Bellum Troianum]] invectas Latinae linguae notandae aptasse narratur.<ref>[[Hyginus mythographus\|Hyg]]. 277. [[Titus Livius]] I,7.</ref>. Hodie vero secundum opinionem multorum et doctorum hominum, abecedarium Latinum saeculo [[saeculum 7 a.C.n.\|VII a.C.n.]] ex abecedario [[Etrusci\|Etrusco]] ortum est, quod et ipsum nihil aliud fuisse videtur quam forma quaedam occidentalis [[abecedarium Graecum\|abecedarii Graeci]]. Scriptura a laeva ad dextram currens a saeculo [[saeculum 4 a.C.n.\|IV a.C.n]] ad memoriam nostram usque permansit. Initio [[viginti unus\|viginti una]] litterae in abecedario Latino fuere: ''[[A]], [[B]], [[C]], [[D]], [[E]], [[F]], [[Z]], [[H]], [[I]], [[K]], [[L]], [[M]], [[N]], [[O]], [[P]], [[Q]], [[R]], [[S]], [[T]], [[V]], [[X]].'' Littera ''C'' pro denotatione sonorum [k] et [g] utebatur, sonus [k] scriptus erat ope ''C, K, Q.'' Littera ''Z'' exclusa fuit ex abecedario anno [[312 a.C.n]]. Circiter anno [[230 a.C.n.]] littera ''[[G]]'' introducta est, etiam illo tempore ''C'' fuit denotatio principalis pro [k] (''Q'' ante [u] adhibetur, ''K'' solum in perpaucis verbis praeservata). Litterae ''[[Y]]'' et ''[[Z]]'' initio saeculis [[saeculum 1 a.C.n.\|I a.C.n.]] introductae sunt pro verbis originis Graecae,<ref>"''z'' seems to have been referred to by its Greek name as ''zēta.'' The earliest Latin name of ''y'' is uncertain, but it may have been ''hy'' [hū] as in Greek; later, however, with the phonetic merging of ''y'' with ''i'' . . . , and also loss of ''h'' . . . , this name would have been confused with that of ''i,'' viz. [ī]; and to distinguish it, it was given the name of ''y''[ī] ''graeca'': cf. Spanish ''y griega,'' Italian ''i greco,'' French ''y grec'' (Allen 1978: 114).</ref> abecedarium [[viginti tres]] litteras habuit: {\| cellpadding=3 style="text-align:center; margin:1em 0; border-collapse:collapse; white-space:nowrap;" summary="Latin letters, their Latin names and pronunciations (indicated using the International Phonetic Alphabet)" Linea 58: \|- ! style="text-align:right;" \| Nomen Latinum \| ā \|\| bē \|\| cē \|\| dē \|\| ē \|\| ef \|\| gē \|\| hā \|\| ī \|\| kā \|\| el \|\| em \|\| en \|\| ō \|\| pē \|\| qū \|\| er \|\| es \|\| tē \|\| ū \|\| ixex \|\| ~~Ypsilon~~ī Graeca \|\| zēta \|- class="IPA" ! style="text-align:right;" \| [[Pronuntiatus Latinus\|Pronuntiatus]] [[Lingua Latina#Classica sive Aurea\|Classicus]] ([[Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale\|API]]) \| {{style/IPA\|IPA=/aː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=beː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=keː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=deː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=eː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=ef}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=ɡeː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=haː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=iː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=kaː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=el}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=em}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=en}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=oː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=peː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=kʷuː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=er}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=es}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=teː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=uː}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=eks}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=~~yˈpsiːlon~~iːˈɡraiːka}} \|\| {{style/IPA\|IPA=ˈzeːta/}} \|- class="IPA" \|} Linea 68: [[Fasciculus:Ioanne Arnoldo 1541.PNG\|thumb\|''De chalcographiae inventio'' (1541, [[Moguntiacum\|Moguntiaci]]) cum viginti tres litteris, ''[[W]], [[U]], [[J]]'' carentibus.]] [[Scriptor]]es litteris ''[[J]], [[U]],'' et ''[[W]]'' a saeculis mediaevalibus ~~usi~~uti ~~sunt~~solebant. (Illo tempore etiam litterae Latinae minusculae ortae sunt.) Sic hodiernum abecedarium Latinum, [[viginti sex]] litteras habens, formatum est. (Modificationes abecedarii illius pro linguis nonnullis pluras litteras habent.) Linea 131: == Notae == ~~<div class="references-small">~~<references /~~></div~~> {{NexInt}} {{div col\|2}} [[Calligraphia]] [[Historia abecedarii Latini]] Line 144 ⟶ 145: [[Sicilicus]] [[Typographia]] {{div col end}} ==Bibliographia== Line 165 ⟶ 167: \| [[Ǎ\|Ǎǎ]] \| [[Ȁ\|Ȁȁ]] \| [[Ȃ\|Ȃȃ]] \| [[Æ\|Ææ]] \| [[Ǽ\|Ǽǽ]] \| [[Ǣ\|Ǣǣ]] \| [[Å (littera)\|Åå]] \| [[Ċ\|Ċċ]] \| [[Ð\|Ðð]] \| [[DZ (littera)\|Ǳǲǳ]] \| [[DŽ\|Ǆǅǆ]] \| [[Ɛ\|Ɛɛ]] \| [[Ʒ\|Ʒʒ]] \| [[Ǯ\|Ǯǯ]] \| [[Ȅ\|Ȅȅ]] \| [[Ȇ\|Ȇȇ]] \| [[Schwa\|Əə]] \| [[Yogh\|Ȝȝ]] \| [[Ǥ\|Ǥǥ]] \| [[Ǧ\|Ǧǧ]] \| [[Ƣ\|Ƣƣ]] \| [[Ƕ\|Ƕƕ]] \| [[Ĳ\|Ĳĳ]] \| [[Ǐ\|Ǐǐ]] \| [[Ȉ\|Ȉȉ]] \| [[Ȋ\|Ȋȋ]] \| [[Ǩ\|Ǩǩ]] \| [[ĸ]] \| [[LJ (littera)\|Ǉǈǉ]] \| [[Ll\|LLll]] \| [[ĿL\|ĿLŀl]] \| [[NJ (littera)\|Ǌǋǌ]] \| [[Ŋ\|Ŋŋ]] \| [[Œ\|Œœ]] \| [[Ø\|Øø]] \| [[Ǿ\|Ǿǿ]] \| [[Ǒ\|Ǒǒ]] \| [[Ȍ\|Ȍȍ]] \| [[Ȏ\|Ȏȏ]] \| [[Ɔ\|Ɔɔ]] \| [[Ou (littera)\|Ȣȣ]] \| [[Mezza r\|]] \| [[Ȑ\|Ȑȑ]] \| [[Ȓ\|Ȓȓ]] \| [[S longa\|ſ]] \| [[ß]] \| [[Esh (littera)\|Ʃʃ]] \| [[Thorn (littera)\|Þþ]] \| [[Ǔ\|Ǔǔ]] \| [[Ȕ\|Ȕȕ]] \| [[Ȗ\|Ȗȗ]] \| [[Ƿ\|Ƿƿ]] \| [[Ƶ\|Ƶƶ]] \|} ==Bibliographia== *Allen, W. Sidney. [[1978]]. ''Viox Latina: The Pronunciation of Classical Latin.'' Ed. secunda. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22049-1, ISBN 0-521-37936-9. [[Categoria:Abecedarium Latinum\|!]]

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