Quantum redactiones paginae "Neurotransmissor" differant

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'''Neurotransmissor''' (-oris, m.) sive '''neurotransmittens'''<ref name="NH">Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology. PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiae/BaltimoreBaltimorae/NewNovi YorkEboraci/LondonLondinii/BuenosBoni AiresAëris/Hong KongHoncongi/SydneySidneii/TokyoTokii: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> est [[Biochemia|substantia biochemica]] [[endogenia|endogena]], quae signa ex [[neuronum|neurono]] ad [[cellula]]m destinatam per [[synapsis|synapsem]] transmittit.<ref>''neurotransmitter'', {{cite book |title=Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers |year=2007 |accessdate=2 Nov 2011 |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neurotransmitter |language=Anglice}}</ref> Neurotransmissores in [[vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] colliguntur, quae sub lateris praesynaptici membrana synaptica congregatae sunt, et in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] solvunturextruduntur, ubi ad [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria]] alligantur, quae in lateris postsynaptici membrana [[synapsis chemica|synaptica]] insunt.
 
Biosynthesis plerorumque neurotransmissorum ex [[aminoacidum|aminoacidis]] fit.
 
Hodie plus quam ducentosducenti neurotransmissorumneurotransmissores in natura esse putaturputantur.
 
== Synapsis chemica ==
{{main|Synapsis chemica}}
Synapses chemicae sunt ipsiilli loci, in quibus ex signis electricis signa chemica formantur; saepe in terminalibus neuroni locatae sunt. Quidque signum chemicum neurotransmissor de neurono signum mittens ex vesiculis synapticis, igitur ''praesynaptico''<ref>Sensu strictu notio dubia, quare ''praesynapsie'' (ut postsynpasis) structuram separatam ''inter'' prae et post synapsem esse, moneret. De facto synapsis est ''anatomice'' pars praesynapsis. Tamen divisio ingeniosus videri potest, quia commutationes ''physiologicas'' signi electricum-chemicum-electricum describat.</ref> dicto, in fissuram synapticasynapticam liberatur ad neuron recipiens, ''praesynapticumpostsynapticum''. PostsynapticeIllic nova signa electrica generantur.
 
== Biosynthesis neurotransmissorum ==
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* [[Tryptophanum]] (AA) → [[Serotoninum]] (NT)
* [[Phenylalaninum]] (AA) → [[Tyrosinum]] → [[Dopaminum]] (NT) → [[Noradrenalinum]] (NT) → [[Adrenalinum]] (NT)
Neurotransmissores, qui sunt peptida, per transscritionemtransscriptionem translationem, ut alia proteina, generantur.
 
== Subclasses neurotransmissorum ==
Neurotransmissores in triatres subclasses dividi possunt: [[Acidum aminicum|acidorum aminicorum]], [[Peptidum|peptidorum]], monoaminorum. Magni transmissores sunt:
* [[Acidum aminicum|Acidi aminici]]: [[Acidum glutamicum|glutamatum]], aspartatum, <small>D</small>-serinum, [[acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (''GABA''), [[glycinum]]
* Gasotransmissores: nitrogenii oxidum (NO), [[carbonii monoxidum]], hydrogenii sulphidum
* Monoamini: [[dopaminum]] (DA), [[noradrenalinum]] (NA, NE), [[adrenalinum]], [[histaminum]], [[serotoninum]] (5-HT)
* Oligoamini<ref>ex Graeco verbo ὀλίγος 'paucus'; anglice: trace amines</ref>: phenethylaminum, N-methylphenethylaminum, tyraminum, 3-iodothyronaminum, octopaminum, synephrinum, tryptaminum
* Peptidi: somatostatinum, substantia P, CART<ref>anglice: Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript; Latine: cocainiquecocaini amphetaminiamphetaminique gubernatum transcriptum</ref>, peptidi opioidi
* Purini: [[adenosini triphosphatum]] (ATP), adenosinum
* Alii: [[Acetylcholinum|acetylcholinum (ACh)]], anandamidum