Quantum redactiones paginae "Membrana synovialis" differant

'''Membrana synovialis''' sive '''stratum synoviale''' sive '''synovium''' sensu strictu est [[tela (biologia)|tela]] [[superficies|superficei]] [[membrana]]e internae ("intima"), quae [[Liquor synovialis|liquorem synovialem]] secernit. Illa ex cellulis [[macrophagocytus|macrophagocyto]] (cellula typi A) similibus ac [[fibroblastus|fibroblastis]] (cellulis typi B) constituta est<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Barland P, Novikoff AB, Hamerman D |title=Electron microscopy of the human synovial membrane |journal=J Cell Biol |year=1962 |volume=14 |pages=207-20 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13865038}}.</ref>. Quadrans cellularum sunt macrophagorummacrophagocytorum, dodrans fibroblastorum, posterioribus enim cellularum functio secretionis [[acidum hyaluronicum|acidi hyaluronici]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Mustonen AM, Nieminen P, Joukainen A, Jaroma A, Kääriäinen T, Kröger H, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Siljander PR, Kärjä V, Härkönen K, Koistinen A, Rilla K |title=First in vivo detection and characterization of hyaluronan-coated extracellular vesicles in human synovial fluid |journal=J Orthop Res |year=2016 |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=1960-8 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26919117}}.</ref> ad [[articulus|articulationem]] lubricandam praestant. MacrophagiMacrophagocyti invicem [[leucocytus|leucocyti]] pars [[systema immunitatis|systematis immunitatis]] sunt. Nimirum morbis articuli causa vero relatio inter cellulas typi A et B graviter mutet cum incremento numeri macrophagorummacrophagocytorum. Praeterea fibroblasti transformationem patiantur, ut cellulis inflammatoriis cognoscantur, quo fiat, ut inflammatio chronica oriatur.

Stratum synoviale est pars interior [[bursa synovialis|bursae synovialis]], breviter "intima" dicitur. Crassitudo eius est 20 µm - 40 µm<ref>1 µm = 10^-3 mm = 0,003 mm; [[erythrocytus]]: 7.5µm.</ref>. In strato synoviali ("intima") duo genera celluarum inveniuntur: macrophagimacrophagocyti cellulae typi A notae, atque fibroblast cellulae typi B. Sub intimam [[Vas sanguineum|vasa sanguinea]] tenuia locata sunt, per quae prius macrophagimacrophagocyti foetales intrati sunt, aliquanto post [[monocytus|monocyti]] sic intrant et tunc in strato synoviali in macrophagosmacrophagocytos transformari videntur. Fibroblasti forma specialis, ''synoviocytus'' enim, exstant<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Edwards JC |title=The nature and origins of synovium: experimental approaches to the study of synoviocyte differentiation |journal=J Anat |year=1994 |volume=184 |issue=Pt3 |pages=493-501 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=edwards+the+nature+and+origin+of+synovium}}</ref>.

Adhuc imprimis duo typi cellularum synovii significationem se adoptaverunt, ''cellulae synoviales macrophagismacrophagocytis similes'' enim (typi A) ac ''cellulae synoviales fibroblastis similes'' (typi B). Nuper [[telocytus|telocyti]], grex cellularum novus, quoque in membranis synovialibus descripti sunt<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Rosa I, Marini M, Guasti D, Ibba-Manneschi L, Manetti M |title=Morphological evidence of telocytes in human synovium |journal=Sci Rep |year=2018 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=3581 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483562}}.</ref>.

| typi A || [[macrophagusmacrophagocytus|macrophagismacrophagocytis]] || [[Mitochondrium|mitochondria]] || phagocytosis

[[Inflammatio]]nes synovii integritatem eius adoriuntur et etiam perpetuo aequilibrium interrumpere queant, quo fit ut non solum macrophagimacrophagocyti fibroblastique vero etiam [[monocytus|monocyti]] assultati in membrana synoviali discerni possunt<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Kennedy A, Fearon U, Veale DJ, Godson C |title=Macrophages in synovial inflammation |journal=Front Immunol |year=2011 |volume=2 |issue= |pages=52 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22566842}}</ref>. Nonnulli morbi rheumatologici cum functionibus membranae synovialis interagunt, utputa [[arthritis rheumatoidea]]. MacrophagiMacrophagocyti transformati enzymos cartilaginem ossaque destruentes superfabricant<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Falconer J, Murphy AN, Young S, Clark AR, Tiziani S, Guma M, Buckley CD |title=Synovial cell metabolism and chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Arthritis Rheumatol |year=2018 |volume= |issue= |pages= |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29579371}}</ref>.