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Linea 1: {{in progressu}} '''Quaternary''' (<small> </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</span>{{IPAc-en\|pron\|k\|w\|ə\|ˈ\|t\|ɜr\|n\|ər\|i}}) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the [[Kaenozoicum\|Cenozoic]] Era in the [[Aevum geologicum\|geologic time scale]] of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).<ref name="ICS2013">{{Cite web\|last=Cohen\|last1=Cohen\|last2=Finney\|last3=Gibbard\|last4=Fan\|first=K.M.\|first1=K.M.\|first2=S.C.\|first3=P.L.\|first4=J.-X.\|title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2013\|url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/chronostratchart2013-01.pdf\|accessdate=15 June 2014\|publisher=ICS\|ref=ICS2013}}</ref> It follows the [[Neogenicum\|Neogene]] Period and spans from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present. The Quaternary Period is divided into two epochs: the [[Pleistocaenum\|Pleistocene]] (2.588 million years ago to 11.7 thousand years ago) and the [[Holocaenum\|Holocene]] (11.7 thousand years ago to today). The informal term "Late Quaternary" refers to the past 0.5–1.0 million years.<ref>[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=Late%20Quaternary Earthquake Glossary - Late Quaternary] U.S. Geological Survey</ref> '''Quaternarium'''<ref>Aloysius Meschinelli, ''Fungorum fossilium omnium hucusque cognitorum iconographia, XXXI tabulis exornata'' (Vicetiae: 1902), [https://books.google.com/books?id=IA9HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR6 p. vi].</ref> est praesens et recentissimum [[aevum]] (seu periodus) [[Kaenozoicum\|aerae Caenozoicae]], secundum [[aevum geologicum\|scalam temporis geologici]] [[Mandatum inter civitates de stratigraphia\|Mandati inter civitates de stratigraphia]]{{Convertimus}} (ICS).<ref name="ICS2013">{{Cite web\|last=Cohen\|last1=Cohen\|last2=Finney\|last3=Gibbard\|last4=Fan\|first=K.M.\|first1=K.M.\|first2=S.C.\|first3=P.L.\|first4=J.-X.\|title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2013\|url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/chronostratchart2013-01.pdf\|accessdate=15 June 2014\|publisher=ICS\|ref=ICS2013}}</ref> [[Neogenicum]] aevum sequitur; abhinc 2.588 ± 0.005 [[millio]]nes annorum coepit et etiamnnunc pergit. Quaternarium in duas [[epochas]] dividitur: [[Pleistocaenum]] (quod coepit abhinc 2.588 milliones annorum et finivit abhinc 11.7 milia annorum) et [[Holocaenum]] (quod coepit abhinc 11.7 milia annorum et pergit hodie). Vox non rite definita, "quaternarium inferius", significat ultimos 0.5–1.0 milliones annorum.<ref>[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=Late%20Quaternary Earthquake Glossary - Late Quaternary] U.S. Geological Survey</ref> == ~~See also~~Notae ==▼ The Quaternary Period is typically defined by the cyclic growth and decay of continental ice sheets associated with Milankovitch cycles and the associated climate and environmental changes that occurred.<ref name="Denton2010">{{Cite journal\|last=Denton\|last1=Denton\|last2=Anderson\|last3=Toggweiler\|last4=Edwards\|last5=Schaefer\|last6=Putnam\|first1=G.H.\|first=G.H.\|first2=R.F.\|first3=J.R.\|first4=R.L.\|first5=J.M.\|first6=A.E.\|date=2010\|title=The Last Glacial Termination\|journal=Science\|volume=328\|pages=1652–1656\|doi=10.1126/science.1184119\|DOI=10.1126/science.1184119\|ref=Denton2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Lowe\|last1=Lowe\|last2=Walker\|first1=J.J.\|first=J.J.\|first2=M.J.C.\|date=1997\|title=Reconstructing Quaternary Environments\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=0582101662\|ISBN=0582101662}}</ref> <references /> == ~~Research~~External ~~history~~links == {{CommuniaCat\|Quaternary\|Quaternarium}} The term Quaternary ("fourth") was proposed by Giovanni Arduino in 1759 for alluvial deposits in the [[Padus\|Po River]] valley in northern [[Italia\|Italy]]. It was introduced by Jules Desnoyers in 1829 for sediments of [[Francia\|France]]'s [[Sequana\|Seine]] Basin that seemed clearly to be younger than Tertiary Period [[Lapis (geologia)\|rocks]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Late Quaternary Fluvial and Coastal Sequences Chapter 1: Introduction\|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/77123/8/08_chapter%201.pdf\|accessdate=March 26, 2017\|access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|title=Quaternary - Video Learning - WizScience.com\|last=Wiz Science™\|date=2015-09-28\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io7vhansU1o\|access-date=2017-03-26\|accessdate=2017-03-26}}</ref> * [http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/ Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy] (Mandatum secundarium de stratigraphia quaternaria]▼ {{Aeva geologica}} ~~== Journals relating to the Quaternary Period ==~~ * Boreas - An International Journal of Quaternary Research * Geografiska Annaler (only the title is in [[Lingua Suecica\|Swedish]]) * Journal of Quaternary Science * Quaternary Geochronology * Quaternary International * Quaternary Research * Quaternary Science Reviews * The Quaternary Times ▲== See also == * List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions * Quaternary extinction event * Quaternary science ~~== References ==~~ ~~{{reflist}}~~ ~~== External links ==~~ ▲* [http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/ Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy] * [http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/correlation/chart.html Global correlation tables for the Quaternary] * Gibbard, P.L., S. Boreham, K.M. Cohen and A. Moscariello, 2005, [http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/correlation/POSTERSTRAT_BOREAS_v2005c.pdf ''Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years v. 2005c.''], PDF version 220 KB. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England * Gibbard, P.L., S. Boreham, K.M. Cohen and A. Moscariello, 2007, [http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/correlation/POSTERSTRAT_v2007b_small.jpg ''Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years v. 2007b.''], jpg version 844 KB. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England * Silva, P.G. C. Zazo, T. Bardají, J. Baena, J. Lario, A. Rosas, J. Van der Made. 2009, «[https://web.archive.org/web/20120626140850/http://tierra.rediris.es/aequa/doc/tabla_aequav2_2009.pdf Tabla Cronoestratigrafíca del Cuaternario en la Península Ibérica - V.2]». [Versión PDF, 3.6 Mb]. Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario (AEQUA), Departamento de Geología, [[Universitas Studii Salmanticensis\|Universidad de Salamanca]], Spain. (Corelation chart of European Quaternary and cultural stages and fossils) * [http://ice.tsu.ru/index.php?view=category&catid=27&option=com_joomgallery&Itemid=40 Welcome to the XVIII INQUA-Congress, Bern, 2011] * {{commons category-inline\|Quaternary}} [[Categoria:Kaenozoicum]] [[Categoria:Aeva geologica]]

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