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Quaternary ( /kwəˈtɜːrnəri/Formula:IPAc-en) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).[1] It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present. The Quaternary Period is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene (2.588 million years ago to 11.7 thousand years ago) and the Holocene (11.7 thousand years ago to today). The informal term "Late Quaternary" refers to the past 0.5–1.0 million years.[2]
The Quaternary Period is typically defined by the cyclic growth and decay of continental ice sheets associated with Milankovitch cycles and the associated climate and environmental changes that occurred.[3][4]
Research history
The term Quaternary ("fourth") was proposed by Giovanni Arduino in 1759 for alluvial deposits in the Po River valley in northern Italy. It was introduced by Jules Desnoyers in 1829 for sediments of France's Seine Basin that seemed clearly to be younger than Tertiary Period rocks.[5][6]
Journals relating to the Quaternary Period
- Boreas - An International Journal of Quaternary Research
- Geografiska Annaler (only the title is in Swedish)
- Journal of Quaternary Science
- Quaternary Geochronology
- Quaternary International
- Quaternary Research
- Quaternary Science Reviews
- The Quaternary Times
See also
- List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions
- Quaternary extinction event
- Quaternary science
References
- ↑ Cohen, K.M.; Finney, S.C.; Gibbard, P.L.; Fan, J.-X.. "International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2013". ICS
- ↑ Earthquake Glossary - Late Quaternary U.S. Geological Survey
- ↑ Denton, G.H.; Anderson, R.F.; Toggweiler, J.R.; Edwards, R.L.; Schaefer, J.M.; Putnam, A.E. (2010). "The Last Glacial Termination". Science 328: 1652–1656
- ↑ Lowe, J.J.; Walker, M.J.C. (1997). Reconstructing Quaternary Environments. Routledge. ISBN 0582101662
- ↑ "Late Quaternary Fluvial and Coastal Sequences Chapter 1: Introduction"
- ↑ Wiz Science™ (2015-09-28), Quaternary - Video Learning - WizScience.com
External links
- Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy
- Global correlation tables for the Quaternary
- Gibbard, P.L., S. Boreham, K.M. Cohen and A. Moscariello, 2005, Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years v. 2005c., PDF version 220 KB. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
- Gibbard, P.L., S. Boreham, K.M. Cohen and A. Moscariello, 2007, Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years v. 2007b., jpg version 844 KB. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
- Silva, P.G. C. Zazo, T. Bardají, J. Baena, J. Lario, A. Rosas, J. Van der Made. 2009, «Tabla Cronoestratigrafíca del Cuaternario en la Península Ibérica - V.2». [Versión PDF, 3.6 Mb]. Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario (AEQUA), Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain. (Corelation chart of European Quaternary and cultural stages and fossils)
- Welcome to the XVIII INQUA-Congress, Bern, 2011
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