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Linea 1: [[Fasciculus:Places of articulation.svg\|thumb\|200px\|Loci articulationis.]] '''Linguistica''', ~~etiam~~sive plenius '''~~glottologia~~linguistica generalis,''' ~~sive plenius~~etiam '''~~linguistica generalis~~glottologia,''' est [[scientia (ratio)\|scientia]] quae quaslibet [[lingua\|linguas naturales]] pertractat, quali [[vox\|vocum]] sive [[linguae gesticulatoriae\|gestuum]], [[verbum (generale)\|verborum]], [[sententia (linguistica)\|sententiarum]], [[significatio]]numque [[structura]] constitutae sint. ''Lingua naturalis'' est [[terminus technicus\|terminus]], qui ad linguas [[societas humana\|humanas]] refertur. "Naturalem" dicimus, quia velut natura, id est: sponte sua, ex hominum inter se loquentium actuum multitudine creverunt continuoque crescunt, nec [[mathematicus\|mathematicorum]] artificiis constructae sunt. Itaque [[lingua formalis\|linguae formales]], quippe quae nihil ad mundum socialem referantur, ad linguisticam non pertinent (quamquam linguistae quoque interdum methodis formalibus utuntur). "Humanam" dicimus, quia talibus de [[signum (ars semiotica)\|signis]] agitur, quae ex forma et significatione constant. Linguistica est pars [[semiotica]]e, quae omnium generum [[signum\|signa]] et signalia [[communicatio\|communicativa]], sive [[vox\|vocibus]] emissa sive [[gestus\|gestibus]] expressa sive [[pictura\|picturis]] effecta, pertractat. Linea 42: * Akmajian, Adrian, Richard Demers, Ann Farmer, et Robert Harnish. [[2010]]. ''Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-51370-6. * Crystal, David. [[1990]]. ''Linguistics.'' Penguin Books. * Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hymes. [[2008]]. ''An Introduction to Language.'' Octavo editum. ~~Boston~~Bostoniae: Thomson Wadsworth, ISBN 978-1-4130-1773-1. * Greenberg, Joseph. [[1948]]. Linguistics and ethnology. ''Southwestern Journal of Anthropology'' 4: 140–147. * Hall, Christopher. [[2005]]. ''An Introduction to Language and Linguistics.: Breaking the Language Spell.'' Routledge * Halliday, Michael A. K. [[2006]]. ''On Language and Linguistics'', ~~edited by~~ed. Jonathan Webster. ~~London~~Londinii & ~~New~~Novi ~~York~~Eboraci: Continuum. * Hudson, G. [[2000]]. ''Essential Introductory Linguistics.'' ~~Oxford~~Oxoniae: Blackwell. * Itkonen, Esa. [[1978]]. ''Grammatical theory and metascience.'' ~~Amsterdam~~Amstelodami: Benjamins. * Lyons, John. [[1991]]. ''Natural Language and Universal Grammar.'' ~~New~~Novi ~~York~~Ebroaci: Cambridge University Press. * Lyons, John. [[1995]]. ''Linguistic Semantics.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Martinet, André. [[1970]]. ''Éléments de linguistique générale.'' ~~Paris~~Lutetiae: Armand Colin. * Sapir, Edward. [[1921]]. ''L]anguage. An introduction to the study of speech.'' ~~New~~Novi ~~York~~Eboraci: Harcourt, Brace and company. * Saussure, Ferdinand de. [[1922]]. ''Cours de linguistique générale'' publié par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye avec la collaboration de Albert Riedlinger. ~~Paris~~Lutetiae: Payot. * Taylor, John R. [[2003]]. ''Cognitive Grammar.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. * Trask, R. L. [[1995]]. ''Language: The Basics.'' ~~London~~Londinii: Routledge. * Ungerer, Friedrich & Hans-Jorg Schmid. [[1996]]. ''An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics.'' Longman. {{NexInt}}

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