Quantum redactiones paginae "Utilitarismus" differant

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Testimonia "utilitarismi".
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[[Fasciculus:John Stuart Mill by London Stereoscopic Company, c1870.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Ioannes Stuart Mill]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Singer1.jpg|thumb|170px|[[Petrus Singer]], philosophus moralis [[Australia]]nus.]]
'''Utilitarismus'''<ref>Victor Cathrein (1915) ''Cursus philosophicus,'' §§ 26, 126, 134. Herder;
Christian Helfer (1991) ''Lexicon Auxiliare'Utilitarismus'''{{FD, ref}}p. vel602. Tertia editio valde emendata. Verlag der Societas Latina; ''Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis''utilitarianismus, p. 390. Lampertz, 1998; Jose Juan de Col (2007) ''Diccionario auxiliar español-latino para el uso moderno del latín'', p. 1099. Instituto Superior “Juan XXIII”.</ref><ref>Apud scriptores Anglophonos interdum '''utilitarianismus''', sicut Ad. Tanquerey, ''Synopsis Theologiae Dogmaticae Fundamentalis: Ad mentem S. Thomae Aquinatis, Hodiernis moribus accommodata: de Vera Religione, de Ecclesia Christi, de Fontibus theologicis'' (Baltimorae, 1896), 35–36: "declarat utilitarianismum esse systema non solum immorale, sed etiam prorsus inefficax."</ref> est theoria [[ethica normativa|normativa]], quae optimam actionem [[moralitas|moralem]] docet in [[utilitas|utilitate]] quam maxima positam esse. Utilitas autem varie definiri potest, prout de unius hominis aut de hominum societatis utilitate agitur. [[Ieremias Bentham]], auctor utilitarismi, deducta miseria omnium quaibet actione implicatorum, coacervatione [[voluptas|voluptatis]] utilitatem definivit. Quam notionem quantitativam utilitatis [[Ioannes Stuart Mill]] ita amplificavit, ut, omissis singulis actionibus, animum ad qualitatem attenderet: moralitas utilitaristica [[felicitas|felicitate]] aestimari oportere, felicitatem autem non solum in voluptate sed etiam in absentia miseriae consistere; infelicitatem contra ex miseria et absentia voluptatis constare.<ref>Mill 1861: 10.</ref> In utilitarismo Milliano actio moralis "felicitate" et "voluptate" aestimatur. Quae ratio ab adversariis reicitur, quod nimio opere [[hedonismus|hedonismum]] redoleat. Utilitarismus, item ac [[ethica]] in genere, ad hominem pertinet, quamquam sunt qui "felicitati" [[animal]]ium quoque cavere velint.<ref>Singer 2001.</ref>
Utilitarismus est forma [[consequentialismus|consequentialismi]], cuius adsectatores consecutionibus cuiuslibet actionis [[bonum (ethica)|bonum]] et [[malum (ethica)|malum]] metiuntur. Quae opinio comparari vel coniungi potest cum [[ethica virtutis]], in qua [[virtus]] bonum morale esse putatur. Nonnulli credunt consilia hominum etiam momentum ethicum habere. Utilitarismus ab aliis consequentialismi generibus, sicut [[egoismus ethicus|egoismo ethico]], distincte hoc differt, quod omnes rationes aequabiliter respicit. Suasores utilitarismi inter sese differunt, utrum actus singulares cum utilitate congruere oporteat (id est [[utilitarismus actionis]]), an actores regulas ethicas sequi debeant (id est [[utilitarismus regularum]]). Utilitaristae praeterea dissentiunt, in ratiocinatione utilitatis utrum de tota an de mediana felicitate agatur.
 
<!--[[Fasciculus:Greek uc sigma.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|[[Sigma]] in [[mathematica]] est signum quod [[summatio]]nem repraesentat, rationem in [[utilitarianismus totus|urilitarianismo toto]] similiter effectam.]] -->
== Historia utilitarismi ==
Origo [[hedonismus|hedonismi]] ab [[Aristippus|Aristippo]] et [[Epicurus|Epicuro]] trahi solet, qui felicitatem solum bonum habebant.
[[Hedonismus]] per [[historia]]m apud [[Aristippus|Aristippum]] et [[Epicurus|Epicurum]] inveni potest, qui felicitatem solum bonum habebant. Bentham autem utilitarianism condidere putatur cum ''An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation'' scriberet. Ex eius tempore, utilitariani maximi momenti sunt Ioannes Stuart Mill, [[Henricus Sidgwick]], [[R. M. Hare]], et [[Petrus Singer]].
 
Bentham autem libro ''An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation'' anno [[1789]] edito utilitarismum condidisse putatur. Post eum utilitaristae gravissimi sunt Ioannes Stuart Mill, [[Henricus Sidgwick]], [[R. M. Hare]], [[Petrus Singer]].
== Notae ==
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==Bibliographia==
* Adams, Robert Merrihew. 1976. Motive Utilitarianism. ''Journal of Philosophy'' 73(14):467.
* Alican, Necip Fikri. 1994. ''Mill’s Principle of Utility: A Defense of John Stuart Mill’s Notorious Proof.'' Rodopi B. V. ISBN 9789051837483.
* {{cite book |last = Bayles |first =, M. D.|title =1968. ''Contemporary Utilitarianism |year = 1968|publisher =.'' Anchor Books, Doubleday }}.
* {{cite book |last = Ashcraft |first = Richard |title = John Locke: Critical Assessments |year = 1991|publisher = Routledge}}
* {{cite book |last = Bentham | first =, Jeremy|title. =1789. ''An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (Dover Philosophical Classics)|publisher =.'' Dover Publications Inc.|date=January, 2009|isbn = 978-0486454528}}.
* {{cite book |last = Bayles |first = M. D.|title = Contemporary Utilitarianism |year = 1968|publisher = Anchor Books, Doubleday }}
* {{cite book |last = Bentham | first = Jeremy|title = An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (Dover Philosophical Classics)|publisher = Dover Publications Inc.|date=January 2009|isbn = 978-0486454528}}
* {{cite book |last = Bentham |first = Jeremy |title = The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Published under the Superintendence of His Executor, John Bowring. Vol. 1 |year = 2001 |publisher = Adamant Media Corporation |isbn = 978-1402163937}}
* {{cite book |last1 = Bentham | first1 = Jeremy|last2 = Dumont | first2 = Etienne|last3 = Hildreth | first3 = R|title = Theory of Legislation: Translated from the French of Etienne Dumont|publisher = Adamant Media Corporation|date= 2005|isbn = 9781402170348}}
* Brandt, Richard B. 1979. ''A Theory of the Good and the Right.'' Clarendon Press.
* Broome, John. 1991. ''Weighing Goods.'' Basil Blackwell.
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* Glover, Jonathan. 1977. ''Causing Death and Saving Lives.'' Penguin Books.
* Goodin, Robert E. 1991. Utility and the good. ''The Blackwell Companion to Ethics'', ed. Peter Singer, cap. 20. Blackwell.
* {{cite book |last = Goodin | first =, Robert E. | title =1995. ''Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy | publisher =.'' Cambridge University Press |date=May 1995 | isbn = 9780521468060}}.
*{{cite book |last = Goodstein|first = Eban |title = Economics and the Environment|publisher = Wiley |year = 2011|chapter = Chapter 2: Ethics and Economics| isbn= 9780470561096}}
* Habib, Allen. [[2008]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/promises/ Promises]. In ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.''
* {{cite book |last = Halevy|first = Elie|title = The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism|year = 1966|publisher = Beacon Press|isbn = 0191010200}}
* {{cite journal |last = Hall |first = Everett W. |title = The 'Proof' of Utility in Bentham and Mill |journal = Ethics |issue = 60:1–18 |year = 1949 |jstor=2378436 |doi:10.1086/290691}}
* {{cite book |last = Hardin | first =. Russell. | title =1990. ''Morality within the Limits of Reason | publisher =.'' University Of Chicago Press. |date= 1990 | isbn = 9780226316208}}
* Hare, R. M. [[1981]]. ''Moral thinking: its levels, method, and point.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Clarendon Press, & Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198246602.
*Hare, R. M. [[1972]]–[[1973]]. The Presidential Address: Principles. ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series'' 73:1–18. JSTOR 4544830. doi:10.1093/aristotelian/73.1.1. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/73.1.1. Textus.]
* Harsanyi, John C. [[1975]]. Can the Maximin Principle Serve as a Basis for Morality? A Critique of John Rawls's Theory of Justice. ''The American Political Science Review'' 69(2):594. JSTOR 1959090. doi:10.2307/1959090. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1959090 Textus.]
*Hare, R. M. [[1981]]. ''Moral thinking: its levels, method, and point.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198246602.
* Harsanyi, John C. 1977. Morality and the theory of rational behavior. ''Social Research,'' special issue: Rationality, Choice, and Morality, 44(4):623–656.
*Harsanyi, John C. [[1975]]. Can the Maximin Principle Serve as a Basis for Morality? A Critique of John Rawls's Theory of Justice. ''The American Political Science Review'' 69(2):594. JSTOR 1959090. doi:10.2307/1959090. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1959090 Textus.]
*Harsanyi, John C. 1977. Morality and the theory of rational behavior. ''Social Research,'' special issue: Rationality, Choice, and Morality, 44(4):623–656. JSTOR 40971169. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40971169 Textus (JSTOR).]<!--Reprinted: {{citation | last = Harsanyi | first = John C. | contribution = Morality and the theory of rational behaviour | editor-last1 = Sen | editor-first1 = Amartya | editor-last2 = Williams | editor-first2 = Bernard | title = Utilitarianism and beyond | pages = 39–62 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1982 | isbn = 9780511611964.}}-->
* Harwood, Sterling. 2003. Eleven Objections to Utilitarianism.'' In ''Moral Philosophy: A Reader,'' ed. Louis P. Pojman. Indianapoli: Hackett Publishing Co.
* Hooker, Brad. [[2002]]. ''Ideal Code, Real World: A Rule-Consequentialist Theory of Morality.'' Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780199256570.
* Hooker, Brad & Timothy Chappell, eds. 2011. ''The problem of moral demandingness: new philosophical essays.'' Palgrave Macmillan. Praecioue capitulum 8: The Demandingness Objection. ISBN 9780230219403.
* {{cite book |last = Hume|first = David|editor-first = J. B.|editor-last = Schneewind|title = Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant|publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 2002 |chapter = An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals |isbn = 9780521003049}}