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Quantum redactiones paginae "Murus" differant

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== Historia ==
=== Aevum praehistoricum ===
Aedificia epochae [[Aevum praehistoricum|praehistoricae]] [[saxum|saxis]] sine [[rudus concretum|lithocolla]] positis vel quadris [[Opus fictile|operisopere fictilisfictili]] facta fuerunt.
<gallery>
Nurage1rp.jpg|Nuraghe Succuronis, [[turris]] [[saxum|saxosus]] [[Sardinia]]e.
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=== Aevum antiquum ===
[[Imperium Romanum|Romani]] multas species murorum, quaeopera opus dicebaturvocatae, cognoscebant:
* [[opus quadratum]]
* [[opus caementicium]]
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* [[opus reticulatum]]
* [[opus mixtum]]
* [[opus testaceum]] aut ''latericium'' (a [[later|lateribus]] factusfactum)
* [[opus africanum]]
<gallery>
PhilaeEastWall.jpg|Murus orientalis templi Isidis urbis [[Philae]] Agypti.
Celio - le mura tra porta san Sebastiano e porta Ardeatina 1974.JPG|[[Muri Aureliani|Murus Aurelianus]] urbis [[Roma]]naee.
Servian at Termini.JPG|[[Muri Serviani|Murus Servianus]] ad [[statio ferriviaria|stationem ferriviariam]] termini''Termini'' urbis RomanaeRomae.
2005-08-24-Carcassonne-Tours gallo-romaines.jpg|Murus et [[turris]] [[Carcaso|Carcassonnae]] urbis Romanae in [[Francia]] epocha [[Medium Aevum|mediaevali]] aucti.
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Dunstaffnage Castle 20080428 from northwest.jpg|Dunstaffnage, castellum in [[Scotia]].
The Keep, Carlisle Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1087564.jpg|[[Turris]] castelli [[Carliolum|Carlisle]] [[Britannia]]e.
Hervormde kerk Winschoten oostgevel.JPG|Murus quadris [[fictile|fictilibus]]laterum ecclesiae urbis Winschoten [[Nederlandia]]e.
Castell de l'Areny - Sant Romà de la Clusa.jpg|Murus ecclesiae [[Romanus Antiochenus|Sancto Romano Antiocheno]] dicata, vico [[Castell de l'Areny]] Catalauniae
Arg-e Karimkhan 05.JPG|Murus castelli [[Arg of Karim Khan]] apud urbem [[Tirazis]] Iraniae anno 1767 constructi
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Gotthard Tremola01.JPG|Muri viae super transitum [[Mons Sancti Gothardi|Sancti Godehardi]] pago [[Ticinum (pagus)|Ticino]].
Ardley Railway Tunnel - geograph.org.uk - 1612527.jpg|Murus [[Cuniculus (aedificium)|cuniculi]] anno 1909 constructi [[Ferrivia occidentalis magna|FeriviaeFerriviae occidentalis magnae]], [[Anglia]].
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=== Aedificia contra inundationes ===
<gallery>
Lebanon - 20150614 - Batroun - The phoenician wall 7.jpg|Rudera muri contra [[Aestus (marinus)|aestum magnum]] maris prope urbem [[Bothrys|Bothrydem]] (''Botrus'' vel ''Theoprosopon'') [[Phoenices|Phoenicorum]].
Riedbach in Ried im Zillertal.jpg|Murus in valle fluvii in [[Austria]].
Venezia - Murazzi Pellestrina.jpg|Murus apud insulam [[Ferentina (insula)|Ferentinam]] ante [[Venetia]]m, [[Italia]].
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*[[Limes Romanus]]
*[[Moenia]]
*[[Murus Sinicus]] praeclarus murus antiquus.
*[[Murus Precum Hierosolymae]]
*[[Machu Pikchu]]
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Windows and Doors (4335087786).jpg|Rudera aedificiorum ''Pueblo Bonito'' [[Cultura Chaco Canyon|Culturae Chaco Canyon]] populi [[Anasazi]]orum.
Palenque 2b.JPG|Murus templi urbis ''Palenque'' [[Cultura Maya|Culturae Maya]].
Bayon Angkor frontal.jpg|Templum Bayon [[Yasodharapura|Angkor]] in [[Cambosia]].
Felix Bonfils Jerusalem Wall.jpg|Murus Precum [[Hierosolyma]]e saeculo 19.
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== Bibliographia ==
* Evelyne Péré-Christin, ''Le mur: un itinéraire architectural''. (2001).
* Claudius Quétel: ''Histoire des murs''. (2012). ISBN 978-2-262-04342-1.
* William Dietrich: ''Hadrian's Wall''. (2004).
* E.J. Haslinghuis, H. Janse, H. ''Bouwkundige termen''. Leiden: Primavera Pers 2005. ISBN 90-5997-033-0.
* Josef Maier: ''Handbuch Historisches Mauerwerk: Untersuchungsmethoden und Instandsetzungsverfahren'' ([[Berolinum|BerolinoBerolini]] 2012). ISBN 978-3-642-25467-3.
* Horst Wolfgang Böhme, Reinhard Friedrich, Barbara Schock-Werner (ed.): ''Wörterbuch der Burgen, Schlösser und Festungen''. Reclam, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-15-010547-1.
* Martin Brice: ''Burgen und Wehranlagen.'' Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1999, ISBN 3-8289-0730-X.
* Christopher Duffy: ''Fire & Stone. The Science of Fortress Warfare. 1660-1860''. 2. Auflage. Greenhill Books, London 1996,. ISBN 1-85367-247-5.
* Hartwig Neumann: ''Festungsbau-Kunst und -Technik''. Erftstadt 2004,. ISBN 3-89996-268-0.
* Ernst Seidl (ed.): ''Lexikon der Bautypen. Funktionen und Formen der Architektur''. Stuttgart 2006,. ISBN 3-15-010572-2.
* Valentina Gontscharenko: ''Mauern und Türme''. Moskau 2001.
* Guy le Hallé: ''Précis de la fortification''. 1983.
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* ''England's Roman Frontier: Discovering Carlisle and Hadrian's Wall Country''. Hadrian's Wall Heritage Ltd and Carlisle Tourism Partnership. 2010.
* James L. Forde-Johnston: ''Hadrian's Wall''. London: Michael Joseph, 1978. ISBN 0-7181-1652-6.
* Alistair Moffat: ''The Wall''. 2008 Birlinn Limited Press 2008. ISBN 1-84158-675-7.
* Julia Lovell: ''The Great Wall: China against the World: 1000 BC – 2000 AD.'' Londinii 2006. Atlantic Books; Sydney, Australia: Picador. ISBN 978-0-330-42241-3; ISBN 0-330-42241-3.
* Zewen Luo et David Baker, ed.. ''The Great Wall.'' Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Book Company 1981. ISBN 0070707456.
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== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Walls|Muros}}
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Murus_Servii_Tullii.html Murus Romae.]
 
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