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[[Fasciculus:Thermae boxer Massimo Inv1055.jpg|thumb|upright|Aereum simulacrum Graeci pugilis post certamen quiescentis, [[saeculum 2 a.C.n.|saeculo II a.C.n.]] sculptum]]
[[Fasciculus:NAMA Akrotiri 2Young_boxers_fresco,_Akrotiri,_Greece.jpg|thumb|upright|Pueri pugiles: pictura muralis Minoa [[Acroterium (Thera)|Acroterii]] reperta in insula [[Thera]]]]
'''Pugilatio''' ([[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]] πυγμή sive πυγμαχία), [[ars martialis]] qua [[Graecia antiqua|Graeci antiqui]] [[pugil]]es [[caestus|caestibus]] ([[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]] ἱμάντες) [[colaphus|colaphisque]] contendebant, ab [[Homerus|Homero]] in [[poëma]]te [[Ilias|Iliade]] [[saeculum 8 a.C.n.|saeculo VIII a.C.n.]] iam primum descripta est.<!-- Most extant sources about ancient Greek [[boxing]] are fragmentary or legendary, making it difficult to reconstruct the rules, customs and history surrounding this activity in great detail. Still, it is clear that gloved boxing bouts were a significant part of ancient Greek athletic culture throughout the early classical period.-->
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==Origins==
[[Image:NAMA Akrotiri 2Young_boxers_fresco,_Akrotiri,_Greece.jpg|thumb|left|130px|[[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] youths boxing (1500 BC), [[Knossos]] fresco. Earliest evidence for use of gloves.]]
 
There is archeological and artistic evidence of ancient Greek boxing (pyx or pygme in ancient Greek) as early as the [[Minoan]] and [[Mycenaean]] periods. There are numerous legends about the origins of boxing in [[Greece]]. One legend holds that the heroic ruler [[Theseus]], invented a form of boxing in which two men sat face to face and beat each other with their fists until one of them was killed. In time, the boxers began to fight while standing and wearing gloves (with spikes) and wrappings on their arms below the elbows, although otherwise they competed naked.