Quantum redactiones paginae "Manes (propheta)" differant

'''Manes''' ([[Persica Media]] ''Māni'' ; [[lingua Syriaca|Syriace]] ''Mānī'' ; [[Koine]] Μάνης), etiam '''Manichaeus''' (Graece Μανιχαίος, a Syriaco ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ ''Mānī ḥayyā'' 'Mani vivus') (circa [[216]]–[[274]]), [[Irania]]nus,<ref>Mary Boyce, ''Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices'' (Routledge, 2001), 111: "He was Iranian, of noble Parthian blood."</ref><ref>Warwick Ball, ''Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire'' (Routledge, 2001), 437: "Manichaeism was a syncretic religion, proclaimed by the Iranian Prophet Mani."</ref><ref>Werner Sundermann, [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mani-founder-manicheism ''Mani, the founder of the religion of Manicheism in the 3rd century CE,"] ''Iranica'' (Sundermann, 2009): According to the Fehrest, Mani was of Arsacid stock on both his father’s and his mother’s sides, at least if the readings al-ḥaskāniya (Mani’s father) and al-asʿāniya (Mani’s mother) are corrected to al-aškāniya and al-ašḡāniya (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, ll. 2 and 3) respectively. The forefathers of Mani’s father are said to have been from Hamadan and so perhaps of Iranian origin (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, 5–6). The Chinese Compendium, which makes the father a local king, maintains that his mother was from the house Jinsajian, explained by Henning as the Armenian Arsacid family of Kamsarakan (Henning, 1943, p. 52, n. 4 = 1977, II, p. 115). The historicity of this tradition is assumed by most, but the possibility that Mani’s noble Arsacid background is legendary cannot be ruled out (cf. Scheftelowitz, 1933, pp. 403–404). . . . In any case, it is characteristic that Mani took pride in his origin from time-honored Babel, but never claimed affiliation to the Iranian upper class."</ref><ref>Alessandro Bausani, ''Religion in Iran: from Zoroaster to Baha'ullah'' (Bibliotheca Persica Press, 2000), 80: "We are now certain that Mani was of Iranian stock on both his father's and his mother's side."</ref> fuit [[propheta]] et conditor [[Manichaeismus|Manichaeismi]], [[religio]]nis [[gnosticismus|gnosticae]] [[Antiquitas Posterior|Antiquitatis Posterioris]], olim multo divulgata, nunc exstincta. Mani natus est in, vel prope, [[Seleucia ad Tigrim|Seleucia]]m et [[Ctesiphon]]tem [[Babylonia]]e sub regno [[Regnum Parthorum|Parthorum]]<ref name=ICS>I. J. S. Taraporewala, [http://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism2.php ''Manichaeism''] (Iran Chamber Society).</ref> ([[Iraquia]]e), eo tempore parte [[Regnum Parthorum|Imperii Parthorum]]. Eius operum maiorum, sex [[lingua Syriaca|Aramaica Syriaca]], et septimum, [[Sapor I|Sapori I]] [[imperator|regi imperiali]] dicatum, [[Persica Media]], patrio sermone, conscriptum est.<ref name= "Henning">W. B. Henning, ''The Book of Giants,'' BSOAS, 11, pars 1, 1943, pp. 52–74: "Mani, who was brought up and spent most of his life in a province of the Persian empire, and whose mother belonged to a famous Parthian family, did not make any use of the Iranian mythological tradition. There can no longer be any doubt that the Iranian names of Sām, Narīmān, etc., that appear in the Persian and Sogdian versions of the Book of the Giants, did not figure in the original edition, written by Mani in the Syriac language."</ref> [[Poena capitalis|Supplicium]] dedit [[Gundesapor]]<!--en: Gundeshapur--> in [[Regnum Sassanidarum|Imperio Sassanidarum]].<!--PLUS IN EN:-->