Wimpus~lawiki
Joined 28 Iunii 2013
Content deleted Content added
Linea 112:
:Dear, Kohlins, I am on holiday right now, but will be back on saterday. Based on the Greek derivation from leukos and haima, the form leuchaemia (in Latin) would be preferred. I have a few sources that explicitely prefer ''leuchaemia'' and disapprove of ''leukaemia'' or ''leucaemia''. I can check these sources when I get back and can give you a more extensive answer. But please be aware, that numerous leading medical dictionaries still prefer leukaemia and/or leucaemia, despite the 'fact' that Virchow erred, as the corrupted form is more common. With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 21:35, 12 Augusti 2014 (UTC)
::Dear Kohlins, are you the same Kohlins as the Kohlins on the Hungarian wikipedia page? I saw that you've added a lot of Latin names for diseases. Well done! Do you use a specific source, or do you translate specific terms to Latin? A few terms in medical Latin are utter non-sense. I can spot on the Hungarian wikipedia such terms like lymphaticus = frantic, insane, panic-struck (and not 'related to lymph'), thyroideus = doorlike (and not 'shield-like') or choroideus (dancelike, not 'like a membrane (that encloses the fetus'). These terms are actually approved by international official committees. With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 22:26, 12 Augusti 2014 (UTC)
:::Dear Kohlins. I'll try to give you an answer. I have translittered the Greek words I am using in the piece I have written below with the original Greek from between ( ).
:::The word ''leuchaemia'', ''leucaemia'' or ''leukaemia'' is not attested in classical Latin. In medical Latin the spellings ''leuchaemia'',<ref name="Richter1853">Richter, H.E. (1853).''Grundriss der inneren Klinik für Akademusche Vorlesungen und zum Selbstudium.'' (2. Auflage). Leipzig: Leopold Voss.</ref><ref name="Richter1860">Richter, H.E. (1860).''Grundriss der inneren Klinik für Akademusche Vorlesungen und zum Selbstudium. Erster band: Anigiopathien, Neuropathien.'' (4. Auflage). Leipzig: Leopold Voss.</ref><ref name="Knebusch1866">Knebusch, T. (1866). ''Vollständiges Taschenbuch bewährter Heilmethoden und Heilformeln für inere Krankheiten. '' (2. Auflage). Erlangen: Verlag Ferdinand Enke.</ref><ref name="Wehr1867">Wehr, F.(1867). ''De leuchaemia. Dissertatio inauguralis.'' Bonn: Carl George.</ref><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name="Kossmann1903"/> ''leucaemia'',<ref name="Wehr1867"/><ref name="Gabler1881">Gabler, E. & Winkler, T.C. (1881). ''Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en de natuurkundige wetenschappen.'' (Tweede druk). Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name="Pinkhof1923">Pinkhof, H. (1923). ''Vertalend en verklarend woordenboek van uitheemsche geneeskundige termen.'' Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn.</ref><ref name="Pinkhof2012"/> ''leukaemia'',<ref name="Foster1891"/> ''leukemia'' <ref name="Sliosberg1975"/> and ''leucohaemia'' <ref name="Foster1891"/> are attested. Also the medical Latin word ''leucocythaemia'',<ref name="Gabler1881"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name="Pinkhof1923"/>, introduced by Bennett<ref name="Kampen2011"/> was used to denote leuchaemia.
:::[[Rudolphus Virchow|Rudolf Virchow]] introduced in 1847 for the first time the terminus technicus ''Leukämie'' in German.<ref name="Kampen2011">Kampen, K.R. (2011). The discovery and early understanding of leukemia. ''Leukemia Research 36'', 6-13.</ref> He derived<ref name="Klein1971">Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V.</ref><ref name="Veen1997">Veen, P.A.F. van, Sijs, N. van der (1997). ''Etymologisch woordenboek. De herkomst van onze woorden.’’ Utrecht/Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie.</ref> this compound noun from Ancient Greek ''leukós'' (λευκός), "white" <ref name="Liddell & Scott">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> and ''haima''(αἷμα), "blood".<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> It can be translated as ''white blood''<ref name="Roth1897">Roth, O., & Gessler, H. (1897). Klinische terminologie (5. Auflage). Leipzig: Verlag von Arthur Georgi.</ref> or ''white-bloodedness''.<ref name="Klein1971"/> In German the synonym ''Weissblütigkeit'' <ref name="Richter1860"/><ref name="Sliosberg1975">Sliosberg, A. (1975). ''Elsevier’s medical dictionary in five languages. English/American / French / Italian / Spanish and German.'' (2nd Edition). Amsterdam/Oxford/New York: Elsevier’s Scientific Publishing Company.</ref> is also used.
:::The Greek ''k'' (κ, [[kappa]]) can be converted to German ''k'' or ''c'', with the first one more common, althoug ''Leucämie'' <ref name="Gabler1857">Gabler, E. (1857). ''Lateinisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch für Medicin und Naturwissenschaften.'' Berlin: Verlag Hermann Peters.</ref> can also be found in German. When Greek ''k'' (κ), the Romans used most of the time ''c''.<ref name="Kossmann1903"/> The letter ''k'' is in classical Latin is quite uncommon, with approximately 10 words in existence containing the letter ''k''.<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> German A-Umlaut (=ä) actually denotes/corresponds to the Latin diphthong –ae, that corresponds to Greek diphthong ''ai'' (αι).<ref name="Kossmann1903">Kossmann, R. (1903). ''Allgemeine Gynaecologie.'' Berlin: Verlag von August Hirschwald.</ref> The German ending –ie corresponds in this case to Greek ''-ia'' (-ια) or Latin ''–ia''.
:::The coinage of Virchow seems to neglect the general rule in Ancient Greek that when a ''k'' (κ) and ''h'' (actually a [[spiritus asper]]) collide, they form a new letter, i.e. the Greek letter [[chi]] (χ) ,<ref name="Kluyver1923">Kluyver, A. (1923). Eenige opmerkingen over termen in de geneeskunde. In H. Pinkhof. ''Vertalend en verklarend woordenboek van uitheemsche geneeskundige termen’’ (pp. VII-XV). Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn.</ref>, usually translitterated by the Romans with ''ch''. The last consonant of the first word, i.e. the ''k'' of leukos, and the ''h'' of ''haima'' should being converted to the letter ''chi''.<ref name="Kluyver1923"/> A few sources explicitely mention this mistake.<ref name="IC1910">International Commission (1910). International classification of causes of sickness and death.'' Washington: Government Printing Office.</ref><ref name="Kossmann1903"/><ref name="Kluyver1923"/> The predecessor of todays ''International Classification of Diseases'' (ICD) from 1910 explicitely states concerning the spelling ''leuchaemia'' "We believe that no other spelling is defensible".<ref name="IC1910"/> However in German, the form ''leuchämie'' <ref name="Knebusch1866"/> can also be found. In Modern Greek it is also written as ''leuchaimia'' (λευχαιμἰα) <ref name="Divry1982">Divry, G.C. (red.) (1982). ''Divry’s modern English-Greek and Greek-English desk dictionary.'' New York: D.C. Divry. Inc., Publishers.</ref><ref name="Lindenburg1989">Lindenburg, M.A. (1989). ''Woordenboek Nieuwgrieks-Nederlands. Delft: Eburon.</ref> This seems mounting evidence for writing ''leuchaemia''.
:::There are few other consonants that forms new letters with the Greek ''h''. The Greek ''t'' (τ, [[tau]]) forms with the Greek ''h'', Greek letter [[theta]] (θ), translittered by the Romans as ''th''. And the Greek ''p'' (π, [[pi]]) preceding the Greek ''h'' forms the Greek letter [[phi]] (φ), usually translitterated by the Romans as ''ph''. Medical Latin uses ''polycythaemia'' <ref name="Pinkhof2012">Everdingen, J.J.E. van, Eerenbeemt, A.M.M. van den (2012). ''Pinkhof Geneeskundig woordenboek'' (12de druk). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.</ref> (''t'' of ''kutos'' (κύτος) merges with the ''h'' of ''haima'') and ''aphaemia'' <ref name="Pinkhof2012"/> (''p'' of ''apo'' (ἀπό) merges with the ''h'' of ''haima'').
:::This merge from the Greek ''h'' with the preceding letter into a new letter containing the ''h'' (in translitteration) can only occure for k+h=ch (κ+´=χ) , t+h = th (τ+´=θ) and p+h=ph (π+´=φ). In medical Latin ''anaemia'' <ref name="Pinkhof2012"/> (Ancient Greek: ἀναιμία) no ''h'' precedes ''-aemia'' as the Greek ''n'' (ν) and ''h'' can not merge into a different letter. In that case the ''h'' is 'left out'.
:::In medical Latin the compound of ''leukos'' (λευκός) and ''haimorrhois'' (αἱμορροΐς) is also written as ‘’leuchaemorrhois’’. <ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Gabler1881"/>, although the incorrect spelling ''leucaemorrhois'' <ref name="Foster1891"/> also exists. It can be possible that those writers of the incorrect forms that left out the ''h'' are misled by the form ''anaemia'' that is lacking the ''h''.
:::It seems that ''leuchaemia'' is the least ''barbaric''. Both the form ''leucaemia'' and ''leukaemia'' seems to neglect general rules of Greek morphology. Moreover ''leukaemia'' is displaying a ''k'' that is quite rare in classical Latin. Unfortunately, the ''k'' is used in medical Latin too often. However, the form ''leuchaemia'' is quite rare in medical Latin from the 20th and 21st century. Some people would therefore choose to use ''leucaemia'' instead. In addition, full expressions like ''leucaemia myeloica'' <ref name="Leflot">Leflot-Soetemans, C. & Leflot, G. (1975). ''Standaard Geneeskundig woordboek Frans-Nederlands.'' Antwerpen-Amsterdam: Standaard Uitgeverij.</ref> can not be found easily with the orthography ''leuchaemia'' (but please check this [http://www.scb.se/Grupp/Hitta_statistik/Historisk_statistik/_Dokument/SOS/Halso_sjukvard/Halsovarden%20sjukvarden%20forsvaret%201968.pdf source]). However, I am biased to use ''leuchaemia'' as it less ''barbaric'', but I would advocate that you would explain your usage in the text of the article and/or use scientific sources for the attestation of the specific form. With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 17:36, 16 Augusti 2014 (UTC)
===Notae===
<references/>
| |||