Quantum redactiones paginae "Hordeum vulgare" differant
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|species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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[[Fasciculus:BarleyEars.JPG|thumb|Hordeum [[hordeum distichon|distichon]] et [[hordeum hexastichon|hexastichon]].]]▼
[[Fasciculus:Hordeum-barley.jpg|thumb|Hordeum.]]▼
[[Fasciculus:Issue of barley rations.JPG|thumb|[[Ratio]] cibariorum adultis (sextaria 30 vel 40) et [[puer]]is (sextaria 20) per mensem datorum, in [[cuneiformis|cuneiforme]] in tabulis argillosis anno quarto Regis [[Urukagina]] (circa [[2350 a.C.n.]]) scripta; ex [[Girsu]] [[Iracum|Iraci]], in [[Museum Britannicum|Museo Britannico]] [[Londinium|Londinii]].]]▼
'''''Hordeum vulgare''''' ([[binomen]] a [[Carolus Linnaeus|Carolo Linnaeo]] anno [[1753]] statutum), Latinitate classica '''hordeum,''' est [[species (taxinomia)|species]] generis ''[[Hordeum (genus)|Hordei]]'' et [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Poaceae|Poacearum]]. Est annuum [[frumentum]] cereale, quod maxima parte adhibetur ad [[animalia]] alenda, minus ad cibum humanum. [[ius (cibus)|Iuribus]] [[minutal]]ibusque adhibetur in [[cultura|culturis]] variis et [[panis hordei|pani hordei]]. Grana hordei usitate in [[braces]] convertuntur ad [[cervisia]]m faciendam. Cultivatio hordei mundialis anno [[2005]] (560,000 chiliometris quadratis) fuit magnitudine quarta inter frumenta cerealia.<ref>[http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/ Statistica] e situ interretiali [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]], pro Cibo et Agricultura (''Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations'').</ref>
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Genus ''[[Hordeum (genus)|Hordeum]]'' in zonis temperatis continentium quattuor crescit spontaneum, videlicet [[Asia]]e mediae, [[Africa]]e australis, [[America Septentrionalis|Americae Septentrionalis]] et [[America Australis|Australis]]. Species quattuor ab hominibus [[cultus plantarum|coluntur]], quarum duae Americanae boreales (''[[Hordeum jubatum|H. jubatum]]'' et ''[[Hordeum pusillum|H. pusillum]]''), duae Asiaticae occidentales, nominatim ''[[Hordeum bulbosum|H. bulbosum]]'' et ''H. vulgare''. Haec est hodie vulgatissima, aliis fere omnino oblitis. Stirps silvestris (melius ''H. vulgare'' L. ssp. ''spontaneum'' nuncupatum sed a nonnullis ''H. spontaneum'') a litoribus orientalibus maris [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterranei]] ([[Libya]] litorali, [[Asia Minor]]i litorali, [[Creta]], [[Cyprus|Cypro]]) per [[Mesopotamia]]m, [[Armenia]]m, [[Atropatene|Atropatenam]] et [[Irania]]m occidentalem hodie crescit et usque in mediam [[Asia]]m ([[Turcomannia]]m, [[Uzbecia]]m, [[Afgania]]m, [[Ladakh]] et [[Thibetum]]).
Sed crebrissime floret in ea regione [[Asia Occidentalis|Asiae Occidentalis]] quae "[[Luna fertilis]]" appellatur, cui est [[aqua]] abundans. Ibi grana hordei ab hominibus iam anno circiter 17 000 a.C.n. collecta sunt. Ibidem hordeum inter [[fruges conditrices]] agriculturae huius regionis neolithicae primum millennio fere VIII a.C.n. [[cultus plantarum|cultum]] est.<ref>[[#Badr|Badr et al. (2000)]]</ref>
; Index subspecierum<ref>[[#Zohary|Zohary et Hopf (2000)]] p. 65</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 100%"
! width="30%" | "Classificatio traditionalis"
! width="40%" | Proprietates
! width="30%" | "Divisiones hodiernae"
|-
| sect. ''Cerealia'' Åberg inter genus ''[[Hordeum (genus)|Hordeum]]'' L. || || species singularis ''Hordeum vulgare'' L.
|-
| 1. ''H. spontaneum'' C.Koch || silvestre; distichon, fragile, tunicatum || ''H. vulgare'' ssp. ''spontaneum''
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| 2. ''H. distichum'' L. || cultum; [[Hordeum distichon|distichon]], non fragile, maiori parte tunicatum || ''H. vulgare'' ssp. ''distichum''
|-
| 3. ''H. vulgare'' L., syn. ''H. hexastichum'' L. || cultum; [[Hordeum hexastichon|hexastichon]], non fragile, parte non tunicatum || ''H. vulgare'' ssp. ''vulgare''
|-
| 4. "H. agriocrithon'' Åberg || hexastichon, fragile || hybridae secundarii inter sspp. ''spontaneum'' et ''vulgare''
|-
|}
▲[[Fasciculus:BarleyEars.JPG|thumb|Hordeum [[hordeum distichon|distichon]] et [[hordeum hexastichon|hexastichon]].]]
▲[[Fasciculus:Hordeum-barley.jpg|thumb|Hordeum.]]
▲[[Fasciculus:Issue of barley rations.JPG|thumb|[[Ratio]] cibariorum adultis (sextaria 30 vel 40) et [[puer]]is (sextaria 20) per mensem datorum, in [[cuneiformis|cuneiforme]] in tabulis argillosis anno quarto Regis [[Urukagina]] (circa [[2350 a.C.n.]]) scripta; ex [[Girsu]] [[Iracum|Iraci]], in [[Museum Britannicum|Museo Britannico]] [[Londinium|Londinii]].]]
==Chemia==
[[Catechin-7-O-glucosidum]] in ''H. vulgare'' inveni potest.<ref>[[#Friedrich|Friedrich et Galensa (2002)]]</ref>
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* <span id="Bothmer" />Roland von Bothmer, Theo van Hintum, Helmut Knüpffer, Kazuhiro Sato, edd., ''Diversity in Barley (''Hordeum vulgare'')''. Amstelodami: Elsevier Science, 2003. ISBN 9780080530475 {{Google Books|JOcsswWOIscC|Paginae selectae}}
* {{DalbyAZ|45-47|Barley}}
* <span id="Fei" />Fei Dai, Eviatar Nevo, Dezhi Wua, Jordi Comadran, Meixue Zhou, Long Qiu, Zhonghua Chen, Avigdor Beiles, Guoxiong Chen, Guoping Zhang, "[http://www.pnas.org/content/109/42/16969.full Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley]" in ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' vol. 109 (2012)
* <span id="Friedrich" />Wolfgang Friedrich, Rudolf Galensa, "Identification of a new flavanol glucoside from barley (''Hordeum vulgare'' L.) and malt" in ''European Food Research and Technology'' vol. 214 (2002) pp. 388–393 [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00217-002-0498-x#page-1 Epitome]
* Matti W. Leino, Jenny Hagenblad, "[http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/4/964.full Nineteenth Century Seeds Reveal the Population Genetics of Landrace Barley (Hordeum vulgare)]" in ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' vol. 27 (2010) pp. 964-973
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