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=== Prologue ===
 
Since, in the magazinejournal titled ''Latinitas'', I often did something about the names of places not without assent of readers, the vision is to publish those names which have already been put forth, and many others, in a volume indexed alphabetically.
 
The times in which we live indeed do not favor a thing begun of the method of it{{dubsig}}; they do not, however, lack those who even today burn for the study of Latin culture, nor do they allow this light to be extinguished. Also the Opus Fundatum brings a soul{{dubsig}} called ''Latinitas'' newly put together by Pope Paul VI, for preserving and, by increments, augmenting the Roman language.
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'''V.''' A particular difficulty arises when there are foreign sounds altogether alien to the Latin language to be rendered. The joined letters ''sh'', as the English write, which are produced with sibilance (''sci, sce'' among the Italians, ''ch'' among the French, ''ch'' among the Spanish, ''sch'' among the Germans), are usually signified, by example of the old Romans and Greeks, by the single letter ''s''; see Yerushalaim - Ierusalem; Yehoshuah - Iosue; Shêmuel - Samuel.
 
EvenNow the sound ''ci, ce'' of the Italians (French ''tch'', Spanish ''ch'', English ''ch'' or ''tch'', German ''tsch'') not without a certain audacity, seems to me to be so rendered into Latin as ''tz'' may be placed. Indeed, which joined letters are found in Latin, although not in everyday speech: see Titzis, an Egyptian city, in the Antonini Itinerarium; Tzoides, a Thracian city (A. H. M. JONES, ''The cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces'', ''Oxford'' 1937, pp. 25-26); Tzurulum, in Procopius's De Bello Gothico III, 38; Cutzara, a female name, Corpus Inscriptionarum Latinarum VIII, 16039; Cutzupitae or Cutzupitani, in Augustine's Epistulae 53, 2, inby which name the Donatistae, who were from Rome, were called by name, as is seen, through derision. For which reason it is placed, for example: Tzechoslovakia (by today's Greeks it is written  Τσεχοσλοβακία). To this point, it is to be observed that the letter ''z'', introduced into the Latin language in the first century AD, was absolutely sonorous, as they say now, that is, a soft sound; to which point by argument the way of writing zmaragdus (smaragdus), Zmyrna (Smyrna), which is found in ancient monuments of letters. The Germans and others erred when they produced this letter z as in their own speech, a harsh sound like ts. And so the peculiar ''tz'' seems to accede to that foreign sound which is stated above.
 
The softer sound, which likewise is emitted with sibilance, ''ge, gi'' of the Italians (French ''dj'', English ''j'', German ''dsch''), is expressed by the joined letters ''dz''; indeed these joined letters, grantedly rarely, occur in Latin; see Dzidzia, the name of a woman, Corpus Inscriptionarum Latinarum V 7409; Dzoni, the name of a man (for Dioni), ibid. V, 6215.
 
It is evident that joined letters of this sort are of importance to the foreign names of places, not to those which are derived from ancient Latin names (see Lat. Nursia - It. Norcia; Lat. Perusia - It. Perugia).