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<!--:''Haec pagina est de [[glottlogica]]. Si de consilio [[Vicipaedia]]e legere velis, vide [[Vicipaedia:Neologismus]] -->
'''Neologismus''' ([[Graece]]: ''νεολογισμός'' =< ''νέος'' 'novus' + ''λόγος'' 'verbum') vel '''Verbumverbum novatum''' est [[vocabulum]] antequamprius non adhibitum.
== Lingua Latina ==
Cum lingua Latina hodie non utuntur populi terrae, pro rebus modernis saepe oportet nova verba formare.
# Pars censet verba quae in linguis modernis exstant ad [[lingua latina|linguam Latinam]] quam minimis mutationibus accommodanda esse ; e.g., creditur [[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]] ''computer'' = Latine ''[[computator]]'' vel ''computor.'' Sed exemplum videt neologismi sensui non semper sunt neologismi vocabulae. Verbum ''computator'' a [[Seneca]] dictum, sed sensu hominis calculantis et non machinae calculantis.
# Pars censet in creandis verbis etiam significationem suffixorum spectandam esse. Ea de causa suffixum ''-or'' solum ad personas neque ad res adhibendum esse ; e.g., Anglice ''computer'' = Latine ''computatrum'' (sicut ''aratrum'' ab ''arando'')
# Pars vero (interdum per iocum) censet verba linguarum hodiernarum cum suffixis Latinis in linguam Latinam transferenda esse ; e.g., Anglice ''handlebar'' = Latine ''handbarium'' (rectius: ''manubrium birotale''). Exemplum sit "[[burgus]]", quod verbum iam Romani antiqui ex verbo Germanico ''burg'' sumpserunt.
<!--Neologisms are especially useful in identifying [[inventions]], new [[phenomena]], or old [[ideas]] which have taken on a new cultural context. The term '''e-mail''', as used today, would be an example of a neologism.
Neologisms are by definition "new", and as such are often directly attributable to a specific individual, publication, period or event. The term "neologism" was itself coined around [[1800]]; so for some time in the early 19th Century, the word "neologism" was itself a neologism.
Neologisms can also refer to an existing word or phrase which has been assigned a new meaning.
In [[psychiatry]], the term is used to describe the creation of words which only have meaning to the person who uses them. It is considered normal in children, but a symptom of [[thought disorder]] indicative of a [[Psychosis|psychotic]] [[mental illness]] such as [[schizophrenia]] in adults. Usage of neologisms may also be related to [[aphasia]] acquired after [[brain damage]] resulting from a [[stroke]] or [[Traumatic brain injury|head injury]].
In [[theology]], a neologism is a relatively new doctrine (for example, [[rationalism]]). In this sense, a neologist is an innovator in the area of a doctrine or belief system, and is often considered heretical or subversive by the mainstream clergy or religious institution(s).
==Changing culture==
Neologisms tend to occur more often in cultures which are rapidly changing like South Africa, and also in situations where there is easy and fast propagation of information. They are often created by combining existing words (see [[compound noun and adjective]]) or by giving words new and unique [[suffix]]es or [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]]es. Those which are [[portmanteau]]x are shortened. Neologisms can also be created through [[abbreviation]] or [[acronym]], by intentionally [[rhyme|rhyming]] with existing words, or simply through playing with sounds.
Neologisms often become popular by way of [[mass media]], the [[Internet]], or [[word of mouth]] (see also [[Wiktionary]]'s [[Wiktionary:Neologisms:unstable|Neologisms:unstable]] or [[Wiktionary:Protologism|Protologism]] pages for a wiki venue of popularizing newly coined words). Every word in a language was, at some time, a neologism, though most of these ceased to be such through time and acceptance.
Neologisms often become accepted parts of the language. Other times, however, they disappear from common usage. Whether a neologism continues as part of the language depends on many factors, probably the most important of which is acceptance by the public. Acceptance by linguistic experts and incorporation into dictionaries also plays a part, as does whether the phenomenon described by a neologism remains current, thus continuing to need a descriptor. It is unusual, however, for a word to enter common use if it does not resemble another word or words in an identifiable way. (In some cases however, strange new words succeed because the idea behind them is especially memorable or exciting). When a word or phrase is no longer "new," it is no longer a neologism. Neologisms may take decades to become "old," though. Opinions differ on exactly how old a word must be to no longer be considered a neologism; cultural acceptance probably plays a more important role than time in this regard.
==Cultural acceptance==
After being coined, neologisms invariably undergo scrutiny by the public and by [[Prescription and description|language prescriptivists]] to determine their suitability to the language. Many are accepted very quickly; others attract opposition. Language experts (not [[linguistics|linguists]]) sometimes object to a neologism on the grounds that a suitable term for the thing described already exists in the language. Non-experts who dislike the neologism sometimes also use this argument, deriding the neologism as "abuse and ignorance of the language."
Some neologisms, especially those dealing with sensitive subjects, are often objected to on the grounds that they obscure the issue being discussed, and that such a word's novelty often leads a discussion away from the root issue and onto a sidetrack about the meaning of the neologism itself.
Proponents of a neologism see it as being useful, and also helping the language to grow and change; often they perceive these words as being a fun and creative way to play with a language. Also, the semantic precision of most neologisms, along with what is usually a straightforward [[syntax]], often makes them easier to grasp by people who are not native speakers of the language.
The outcome of these debates, when they occur, has a great deal of influence on whether a neologism eventually becomes an accepted part of the language{{fact}}. Linguists may sometimes delay acceptance, for instance by refusing to include the neologism in dictionaries; this can sometimes cause a neologism to die out over time{{fact}}. Nevertheless if the public continues to use the term, it eventually sheds its status as a neologism and enters the language even over the objections of language experts.
==Evolution of neologisms==
* Unstable - Extremely new, being proposed, or being used only by a very small subculture (also known as ''protologism'').
* Diffused - Having reached a significant audience, but not yet having gained widespread acceptance.
* Stable - Having gained recognizable and probably lasting acceptance.
==External links, resources, references==
===English===
* Fowler, H.W., "The King's English," ''Chapter I. Vocabulary'', [http://www.bartleby.com/116/103.html Neologism], 2nd ed. 1908.
===Data===
* Root knowledge : [http://folk.uio.no/iroggen/Root_knowledge.html The need for neologisms]
* Neologism [http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html History & Evaluation]
* International Dictionary of Literary Terms : [http://www.ditl.info/art/definition.php?term=3101 Neologisms]
* The Urban Dictionary : http://urbandictionary.com
===Victionarium===
* [[:en:wikt:Neologisms|Wiktionary: Neologisms]]
===Indices===
* [http://esa4.rice.edu/~ling215/ The Rice University Neologisms Database 1998-2005]
* [http://www.neologisms.us The Internalational Dictionary of Neologisms]
* [http://rdues.uce.ac.uk/neologisms.shtml Neologisms in Journalistic Text]
* [http://involution.org/neologisms.html Lexicon of Neologism]
* [http://web.bham.ac.uk/johnstf/neo.htm Internet Neologisms]
* [http://www.oneletterwords.com Neologisms in the Dictionaries of All-Consonant and All-Vowel Words]
* [http://www.fecundity.com/pmagnus/words.html the Obfuxicon] which defines itself as a list of words of a language and neologisms usu. arranged alphabetically with erroneous information about their meanings, etymologies, etc.
* [http://www.wordspy.com/ wordspy.com]
* [http://www.wordmint.blogspot.com/ Wordmint Blog]
* [http://www.langmaker.com/db/eng_a2z_index.htm Neologisms A-Z]
* [http://www.unwords.com/ unwords.com]
* [http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/neologisms/a.html Collected by Rice University linguistics class, 2003]
* [http://www.figarospeech.com It Figures-Figures of Speech]
* [http://www.wordcentral.com/ Word Central] a neologism project for children
* [http://www.poormallows.wetpaint.com poor mallows] An international single-purpose neologism project
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==Vide etiam==
* [[Spornographia]]
* [[Teh]]
==Bibliographia==
*Angelinus, Vido. [[1994]]. De neologismis Latinis. ''Melissa'' 60:10–11.
==Nexus externus==
*{{ling|Italice}} [http://www.maurouberti.it/latino/documenti/testi/angelino/neologismi.html GUIDOGuido ANGELINOAngelino: Neologismi Latini]
{{ling-stipula}}
[[Categoria:linguistica]]
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