Quantum redactiones paginae "Aetas ferrea" differant

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[[Fasciculus:Dun Carloway.jpg|thumb|250px|''Broch'' [[Dun Carloway]] apud [[Lewis]] [[ScotiaeScotia]]e.]]
 
'''Aetas Ferrea''' in [[archaeologia]] fuit [[tempus]] in cuiuslibet populi progressu dum [[instrumentum rusticum|instrumenta]] usitata praecipue [[ferrum|ferro]] facta obtinuerunt. Tempus ortus ascensusque huius [[metallum|metalli]] saepe cum aliis mutationibus [[cultura]]libuse mutationibus, maxime [[agricultura]], [[religio]]ne, [[ars|artibusque]], conflixit.
{{Aeva historica}}
 
'''Aetas Ferrea''' in [[archaeologia]] fuit tempus in cuiuslibet populi progressu dum instrumenta usitata praecipue [[ferrum|ferro]] facta obtinuerunt. Tempus ortus ascensusque huius metalli saepe cum aliis mutationibus [[cultura]]libus, maxime [[agricultura]], [[religio]]ne, [[ars|artibusque]], conflixit.
 
In [[historia]], Aetas Ferrea est proximum tempus princeps post [[Aetas Aenea|Aetatem Aeneam]] in [[systema aetatum trium|systemate aetatum trium]], quo [[archaeologia|archaeologi]] [[societas hominum|societates]] praehistoricas in genera describunt. Longitudo aetatum et status socialis apud has societates secundum civitatem vel regionem geographicam variantur. Nullum Aetatis Ferreae tempus disertum in quibusvis [[societas hominum|societatibus]] noscitur: solum est tempus cum archaeologia fit minus grave quam historia memoriaeque posteris traditae. Mixturae ferreae sunt populares ut [[chalybs]] in plurimis rebus metallicis.
 
== Tempora ==
 
In [[historia]], Aetas Ferrea est proximum tempus princeps post [[Aetas Aenea|Aetatem Aeneam]] in [[systema aetatum trium|systemate aetatum trium]], quo [[archaeologia|archaeologi]] [[societas hominum|societates]] [[praehistoria|praehistoricas]] in genera describunt. [[Longitudo]] aetatum et status [[societas humana|socialis]] apud has societates secundum [[civitas|civitatem]] vel regionem[[regio]]nem [[geographia|geographicam]] variantur. Nullum Aetatis Ferreae tempus disertum in quibusvis [[societas hominum|societatibus]] noscitur: solum est tempus cum archaeologia fit minus grave quam historia memoriaeque posteris traditae. Mixturae[[Mixtura]]e ferreae sunt populares ut [[chalybs]] in plurimis rebus metallicis.
[[Fasciculus:Ironageroof.jpg|thumb|left|Tectum quasi de Aetate Ferrea apud Fundum Butser in [[Hantonia]] [[Angliae]].]]
 
== Tempora ==
Aetas Ferrea incepisse habetur saeculo duodecimo a.C.n. in [[Asia]], [[Persia]], [[India]] (cum [[civilizatio Vedica|civilizatione Vedica]] post [[Rigveda]]m), et [[Graecia]] (per [[Obscurae Aetates Graecae|Obscuras Aetates Graecas]]). <!-- In other regions of [[Europe]], it started much later. The Iron Age began in the 8th century BC in [[Halstatt culture|Central Europe]] and the 6th century BC in [[pre-Roman Iron Age|Northern Europe]]. Iron use, in [[smelting]] and forging for tools, appears in West Africa by 1200 BC, making it one of the first places for the birth of the Iron Age.<ref name="millermintz">Duncan E. Miller and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' ''Journal of African History'' 35 (1994) 1–36; Minze Stuiver and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' ''Current Anthropology'' 1968.</ref><ref>[http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ironage.html How Old is the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa?] — by Roderick J. McIntosh, Archaeological Institute of America (1999)</ref> However, it is still not determined whether the use of iron in Africa was invented independently there or was the result of technology transfer from the north.<ref>[http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/history_in_africa/v032/32.1alpern.pdf Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa] — by Stanley B. Alpern (2005)</ref> -->
[[Fasciculus:Ironageroof.jpg|thumb|left|Tectum quasi de Aetate Ferrea apud Fundum Butser in [[Hantonia]] [[Angliae]].]]
Aetas Ferrea incepissecoepisse habetur [[saeculum 12 a.C.n.|saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]] in [[Asia]], [[PersiaPersis|Persi]], [[India]] (cum [[civilizatio Vedica|civilizatione Vedica]] post [[Rigveda]]m), et [[Graecia]] (per [[Obscurae Aetates Graecae|Obscuras Aetates Graecas]]). <!--Alibi In other regions ofin [[EuropeEuropa]], itmulto startedserius much latercoepit. <!--The Iron Age began in the 8th century BC in [[Halstatt culture|Central Europe]] and the 6th century BC in [[pre-Roman Iron Age|Northern Europe]]. Iron use, in [[smelting]] and forging for tools, appears in West Africa by 1200 BC, making it one of the first places for the birth of the Iron Age.<ref name="millermintz">Duncan E. Miller and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' ''Journal of African History'' 35 (1994) 1–36; Minze Stuiver and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' ''Current Anthropology'' 1968.</ref><ref>[http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ironage.html How Old is the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa?] — by Roderick J. McIntosh, Archaeological Institute of America (1999)</ref> However, it is still not determined whether the use of iron in Africa was invented independently there or was the result of technology transfer from the north.<ref>[http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/history_in_africa/v032/32.1alpern.pdf "Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa,"] — bya Stanley B. Alpern scriptus (2005).</ref> -->
 
Aetas Ferrea usitate divisa est in duo genera, Aetatem Ferream I et Aetatem Ferream II. <!-- Ferrea I (1200–1000 a.C.n.) illustrates continuity and discontinuity with the (previous) Late Bronze Age. There is no definitive cultural break between the thirteenth and twelfth centuries throughout the entire [aforesaid] region, though certain new features in the hill country, Transjordan and coastal region may suggest the appearance of the Aramaean and Sea People groups. There is evidence, however, that shows strong continuity with Bronze Age culture, though as one moves later into Iron I, the culture begins to diverge more significantly from that of the late second millennium.-->
 
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Faber ferrarius]]
* [[Ferrum]]
* [[Fogou]]
* [[Historia metallurgiae ferreae]]
* [[Index aetatum archaeologicarum]]
* [[Index situum archaeologicorum]]
* [[Metallurgia Romana]]<!--ex en:
*[[Tabula synoptica principalium Mundi Veteris culturarum praehistoricum]]<!-- + ex en:
* [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures]]
* [[FogouBlast furnace]]
* [[Smelting]]
* [[BlastThree furnaceage system]]-->
* [[Three age system]] -->
 
== Bibliographia ==
* Alpern, Stanley B. [[2005]]. ''Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa.''
* Collis, John. [[19891984]]. ''The European Iron Age.'' Novi Eboraci: Schocken Books. ISBN 0805239413.
* Drakonoff, I. M. [[1991]]. ''Early Antiquity.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14465-8.
* Hall, Mark. ''Towards andan Absolute Chronology for the Iron Age in Inner Asia.''
* Haselgrove, C., et R. Pope. [[2007]]. "Characterising the Earlier Iron Age." In ''The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the Near Continent,'' ed. C. Haselgrove et R. Pope. Oxoniae: Oxbow.
* Higham, Charles. [[1996.]]. ''The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia.'' Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521565057.
* Mattingly, David J., et John Salmon, eds. [[2001]]. ''Economies beyond Agriculture in the Classical World.'' Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0415212537.
* Miller, Duncan E., et N. J. Van Der Merwe. [[1994]]. "Early Metal Working in Sub -Saharan Africa." ''Journal of African History'' 35:1–36.
* Muhly, James D. [[2003]]. "Metalworking/Mining in the Levant." In ''Near Eastern Archaeology,'' ed. Suzanne Richard, 174–183.
* Schmidt, Peter, et Donald H. Avery. [[1978]]. "Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania." ''Science'' 201(4361):1085–1089.
* Snodgrass, A. M. [[1967]]. ''Arms and Armour of the Greeks.'' Londini: Thames & Hudson.
* Snodgrass, A. M. [[1971]]. ''The Dark Age of Greece.'' Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
* Spoerl, Joseph S. ''A Brief History of Iron and Steel Production.'' Saint Anselm College.
* Stuiver, Minze, et N. J. Van Der Merwe. [[1968]]. "Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa." ''Current Anthropology.''
* Taylor, Sarah. [[1989]]. "The Introduction and Development of Iron Production in Korea." ''World Archaeology'' 20(3):422–431.
* Tewari, Rakesh. ''The originsOrigins of Iron Working in India: New evidenceEvidence from the Central Ganga plainPlain and the Eastern Vindhyas.'' Uttar Pradesh State Archaeological Department.
* Waldbaum, Jane C. [[1978]]. ''From Bronze to Iron: The Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean.'' Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 54.
* Webb, Alex. ''Metalworking in Ancient Greece.''
* Yoon, Dong-suk. [[1989]]. "Early Iron Metallurgy in Korea." ''Archaeological Review from Cambridge'' 8(1):92–99.
 
== Nexus externi ==
* [http://resourcesforhistory.com Situs qui vehementius dicit Britanniam tempore Aetatis Ferreae] a resourcesforhistory.com factus
 
{{Aeva historica}}
{{hist-stipula}}