|
'''Ioscius''' (mortuus anno fere [[1202]]) fuit episcopus [[Acco]]nensis a die [[23 Novembris]] [[1172]], diende archiepiscopus [[Tyrus|Tyrensis]] ab anno fere [[1186]], successor [[Heraclius (archiepiscopus Tyrensis)|Heraclio]]. Anno [[1187]], [[Hierosolyma|Hierosolymis]] a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] captis, Ioscius legatus ad regna Occidentalia [[Tertia expeditio sacra|novam expeditionem sacram]] suasit. Post hanc expeditionem Ioscius cancellarius meruit [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum|regno Hierosolymitano]].
He was a [[canon (priest)|canon]] and [[subdeacon]] of the church of [[Acre (city)|Acre]], and became [[Bishop of Acre]] on November 23, 1172. He was a member of the delegation from the Latin church of the [[Crusader states]] at the [[Third Lateran Council]] in 1179. While in Europe he also visited [[France]] on behalf of King [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem|Baldwin IV]], to negotiate a marriage between [[Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy]], and Baldwin's sister [[Sibylla of Jerusalem|Sibylla]], but the marriage never took place; Sibylla instead married [[Guy of Lusignan]] the next year.
Joscius succeeded [[William of Tyre]] as Archbishop of Tyre sometime before October 21, 1186, when he is first attested in that position. Meanwhile Sibylla and Guy had become Queen and King of Jerusalem, against the ambitions of [[Raymond III of Tripoli]], who hoped to have his own supporters succeed to the throne. In [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]], Raymond allied with the Muslim sultan [[Saladin]] against Guy. In April 1187, Guy, hoping to establish a truce, sent an embassy to Raymond, led by [[Balian of Ibelin]], [[Gerard de Ridefort]], [[Roger des Moulins]], [[Reginald of Sidon]], and Joscius. The embassy was attacked by a portion of Saladin's army, which had entered the Kingdom at Raymond III's fief of [[Tiberias]], and was defeated at the [[Battle of Cresson]] on May 1. Balian and Reginald had stopped at their own castles on the way, but Joscius was present at the battle.
Joscius and Balian continued on to Tiberias where they met Raymond, who was soon reconciled with Guy in the face of this defeat. Saladin's invasion of the Kingdom resulted in the [[Battle of Hattin]] on July 4, at which the entire army of the Kingdom was destroyed; the survivors fled to [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], where [[Conrad of Montferrat]] soon took control of the defences of the city, after arriving later that month.
After the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|fall of Jerusalem]] to Saladin in September, Conrad sent Joscius of Tyre to the West in a black-sailed ship, bearing appeals for aid, including propaganda drawings of the horses of Saladin's army stabled (and urinating) in the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]. Joscius arrived first in [[Sicily]], where [[William II of Sicily|King William II]] promised to send a Sicilian fleet to the east; he himself died before he could go on crusade but his fleet helped save [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] from Saladin's attacks. Joscius continued on to [[Rome]], where news of Hattin supposedly caused [[Pope Urban III]] to die of shock. His successor [[Pope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]] issued the [[papal bull|bull]] ''[[Audita tremendi]]'', calling for [[Third Crusade|a new crusade]] and directed to the major European monarchs. Joscius then went to [[France]], where news of Hattin had already arrived and [[Richard I of England|Richard, Count of Poitou]], had already vowed to go on crusade. In January 1188 Joscius met with [[Henry II of England]], [[Philip II of France]], and [[Philip, Count of Flanders]], at [[Gisors]]. He mediated a peace between Henry and Louis, and convinced them to take the cross as well. In [[England]], Henry promulgated the [[Saladin tithe]] to pay for the crusade; this was perhaps influenced by the 1183 tax in [[Jerusalem]], which Joscius may have mentioned to him at Gisors. Some later English chroniclers, including [[Matthew Paris]], claim that the Archbishop present at Gisors was William, but this is an error.
After the Third Crusade, Joscius became [[Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|chancellor of Jerusalem]] for [[Henry II of Champagne]], who had married Queen [[Isabella of Jerusalem]] after Conrad's murder, but had not taken the title of king. Henry was involved in a dispute with the canons of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre over the election of a new [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem|Latin Patriarch]], and had them arrested until Joscius intervened. Joscius was also present at the foundation of the [[Teutonic Knights]] in 1198, and probably died in 1202.
== Bibliographia ==
*Bernard Hamilton, ''The Leper King and his Heirs''. Cantabrigia: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
*Peter W. Edbury, ''The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation''. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1996.
{{Bio-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 12]]
|
