Quantum redactiones paginae "Bellum civile" differant

Content deleted Content added
m r2.7.1) (automaton addit: hi:गृहयुद्ध
+ ex en: (1000 paginae)
Linea 1:
[[Fasciculus:Battle of Gettysburg.jpg|thumb|Corpora [[miles|militum]] occisorum, [[Pugna Gettysburgensis|Pugna Gettysburgensi]] in [[Bellum Civile Americanum|Bello Civili Americano]] confecta, [[1863]].]]
'''Bellum civile''' est [[bellum]] quo factiones eiusdem [[natio]]nis, vel [[gens|gentis]], vel [[civitas|civitatis]] inter se pugnant.
'''Bellum civile''' est [[bellum]] inter [[grex socialis|greges]] ordinatos intra singulam [[natio-civitas|nationem-civitatem]] vel [[respublica|rempublicam]],<ref name=fearon>[[Iacobus Fearon|James Fearon]], [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070301faessay86201/james-d-fearon/iraq-s-civil-war.html "Iraq's Civil War"] in ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', March/April 2007. Pro addita de classificatione bellorum civilium, vide [[#Definitio|sectionem "Definitionem"]].</ref> vel, minus saepe, inter [[duo|binas]] civitates ex [[unus|una]] natione-civitate olim integra creatas.<ref name="EH">[http://eh.net/bookreviews/library/1130 Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War | Book Reviews], EH.net. "Two nations [within the U.S.] developed because of slavery." October 2006. Accessum Iulio 2009.</ref> Propositum unius lateris usitate est civitatem vel [[regio]]nem in unam dicionem redigere, [[libertas|libertatem]] unius regionis adsequi, vel rationes reipublicae gerendae commutare.<ref name=fearon /> [[Vocabulum]], quod in multis [[lingua|linguis]] hodiernis ''calque'' vocabuli [[Lingua Latina|Latini]] fit, primum ad varia [[bella civilia Romana|bella civilia Reipublicae Romanae]] [[saeculum 1 a.C.n.|saeculo primo a.C.n.]]<ref>Praecipue bella civilia Romana inter [[C. Iulius Caesar|C. Iulium Caesarem]] et [[Pompeius|Gn. Pompeium Magnum]], et iterum inter [[Octavianus|Octavianum]] et [[Marcus Antonius|Antonium]], quae annis [[49 a.C.n.|49]]–[[31 a.C.n.]] pugnata sunt. Vide etiam [[bellum sociale]], [[Marius|Marium]], et [[Sulla]]m.</ref> spectare adhibitum est.
[[Fasciculus:T-55s civil war.JPG|thumb|left|Reliqua [[autocurrus armatus|autocurri armati]] [[T-62]] postquam homines seditiosi [[Neanthopolis|Neanthopolem]] intrant, [[Bellum Civile Aethiopicum|Bello Civili Aethiopico]] confecto, [[1991]].]]
 
Bellum civile est certamen magnarum virium, quod [[exercitus ordinarius|exercitum ordinarium]]<!--Regular Army--> implicare potest, saepe diu sustinetur et ordinatur, atque permulta [[homo|homines]] tanget. Bella civilia permultas [[casualtas|casualtates]]{{dubsig}} generare et magnas opes consumere possunt.<ref name=hironaka3>Ann Hironaka, ''Neverending Wars: The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War'' (Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press, 2005), p. 3, ISBN 0674015320.</ref>
Fuerunt multa bella civilia per historiam atque etiam hodie multa saeviunt. Bella civilia Romana praecipua inter [[C. Iulius Caesar|C. Iulium Caesarem]] et [[Pompeius|Gn. Pompeium Magnum]], deinde inter [[Octavianus|Octavianum]] et [[Marcus Antonius|Antonium]], annis 49-31 a.C.n. pugnata sunt.
 
[[Bellum orbis terrarum II|Bello orbis terrarum II]] confecto, bella civilia aliquantulum plus [[quattuor]] [[annus|annos]] duraverunt, contra annum et dimidium temporis a [[1900]] ad [[1944]].<!-- While the rate of emergence of new civil wars has been relatively steady since the mid-19th century, the increasing length of those wars resulted in increasing numbers of wars ongoing at any one time.--> Exempli gratia, in primo [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]] dimidio, eodem tempore non erant plus quam [[quinque]] bella civilia, sed [[Bellum Frigidum|Bello Frigido]] composito, plus quam [[viginti]] bella civilia fiebant ante maiorem deminutionem cum finirent certamina quae ex aemulatione superpotestatum<!--superpowers--> orta erant. Post [[1945]], bella civilia plus quam 25 [[millio]]nes hominum interfecerunt, cum [[migratio compulsa|migratione compulsa]] millionum additorum. Praeterea, bella civilia conlapsus effecerunt [[oeconomia]]rum: [[Birmania]] (Myanmar), [[Uganda]], et [[Angola]] sunt exempla civitatum quibus, ut videbatur, erant futura felicia antequam earum bella civilia conflarentur.<ref>Hironaka (2005), 1-2, 4-5.</ref>
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Primum Bellum Civile]]
* [[Bellum civile alterum]]
 
[[Fasciculus:Arab volunteers.jpg|thumb|Armati [[miles|milites]] voluntarii [[Arabia|Arabi]] per [[Bellum Civile in Palaestina Mandatoria 1947–1948|bello civile 1947–1948]] in [[Britannicum Palaestinae Mandatum|Britannico Palaestinae Mandato]].]]
{{Hist-stipula}}
[[fasciculus:Battle of Siping01.jpg|thumb|Milites [[Factio Communistica Sinarum|communisti]] per [[Proelium Siping]] in [[Bellum Civile Sinicum|Bello Civili Sinico]], [[1946]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Tykistokoulun harjoiitus.jpg|thumb|Schola [[tormenta|tormentorum]] ab "Albis" (antisocialistis) per [[Bellum Civile Finnicum]] anno [[1918]] instituta.]]
[[Fasciculus:035 ONLF rebellion.JPG|thumb|Seditiosi [[Frons Liberationis Nationalis Ogaden|Frontis Liberationis Nationalis Ogaden]] bellatores in [[Aethiopia]] anno [[2006]] iter faciunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Checkpoint 4, Beirut 1982.jpg|thumb|left|Locus investigationis<!--checkpoint--> ab [[exercitus|exercitu]] [[Libanus|Libano]] et [[Corpus Classiarium Civitatum Foederatarum|Classiariis Civitatum Foederatarum]] anno [[1982]] coactus. [[Bellum Civile Libanum]] (1975–1990) multas interventiones externas insigniter habuit.]]
[[Fasciculus:LTTE Sea Tigers attack vessel by sunken SL freighter.JPG|thumb|[[Navis]] oppugnationis celeris<!-- [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|rebel LTTE]]--> in [[Taprobane]] anno [[2003]].<!-- passes the hulk of an LTTE supply ship that had been sunk by government aircraft,--> [[Bellum Civile Taprobanis]] (1983-2009).]]
 
== Vide etiam ==
*[[Bellum libertatis (discretiva)]]<!--War of Independence (disambiguation)-->
*[[Bella liberationis reipublicae]]<!--wars of national liberation-->
* [[Bellum civile alterum]]
*[[Logica Violentia in Bello Civili]]
* [[Primum Bellum Civile]]
 
==Notae==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
 
==Bibliographia==
*Ali, Taisier Mohamed Ahmed, et Robert O. Matthews, eds. [[1999]]. ''Civil Wars in Africa: roots and resolution,''
*Berdal, Mats, et David M. Malone. [[2000]]. ''Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars'' Lynne Rienner.
*Collier, Paul. [[2003]]. ''Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy.'' Vasingtoniae: World Bank
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Collier|editor1-first=Paul|editor1-link=Paul Collier|editor2-last=Sambanis |editor2-first=Nicholas |editor2-link= |year=2005|title=Understanding Civil War:Evidence and Analysis|volume= 1: Africa |publisher=The World Bank|location=Vasingtoniae]]|isbn=978-0-8213-6047-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OnGQQVuIBjgC&pg=PP1&dq=Understanding+Civil+War:Evidence+and+Analysis&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Collier|editor1-first=Paul|editor2-last=Sambanis |editor2-first=Nicholas |editor2-link= |year=2005|title=Understanding Civil War:Evidence and Analysis|volume= 2: Europe, Central Asia, and Other Regions |publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-8213-6049-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yNTQ-BDLPxIC&pg=PP1&dq=Understanding+Civil+War:Evidence+and+Analysis&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*Kalyvas, Stathis. [[2001]]. "New" and "Old" Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction? ''World Politics'' 54(1):99-118.
*Lake, David, et Donald Rothchild, eds. [[1996]]. ''The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
*Licklider, Roy. [[1995]]. The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945–1993. ''American Political Science Review'' 89(3):681–690.
*Mack, Andrew. .[[2002]]. Civil War: Academic Research and the Policy Community. ''Journal of Peace Research'' 39(5):515–525.
*Mason, David T., et Patrick Fett. [[1996]]. How Civil Wars End: A Rational Choice Approach. ''Journal of Conflict Resolution'' 40(4):546-568.
*Regan, Patrick M. [[2000]]. ''Civil Wars and Foreign Powers: Outside Intervention in Intrastate Conflict.''
*John, Stephen, et al., eds. [[2002]]. ''Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements.''
*Toft, Monica Duffy. [[2003]]. ''The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12383-7.
*Walter, Barbara F. [[2002]]. ''Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
*Wood, Elisabeth Jean. [[2003]]. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001933657 Civil Wars: What We Don't Know.] ''Global Governance'' 9:247ff.
 
==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Civil wars|Bella civilia}}
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/downloads/doctrine/01.pdf "Royal Air Force Doctrine - The Nature of War and Armed Conflict,"] apud www.raf.mod.uk
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4902708.stm "What makes a civil war?"] apud news.bbc.co.uk, 20 Aprilis 2006
 
{{Histhist-stipula}}
 
[[Categoria:Bella civilia|!]]
[[Categoria:Bella genere digesta]]
[[Categoria:1000 paginae]]