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Linea 1: [[Fasciculus:Stylised Lithium Atom.png\|thumb\|Atomus cum [[nucleus atomicus\|nucleo]] et tribus electronibus]] '''Atomus''' {{victio\|atomus\|i\|f}} (scil. ''hyle'') ([[~~Lingua Graeca\|~~Graece]]: ''atomos'' 'individuus') est principalis [[~~materies~~materia (physica)\|~~materiei~~materiae]] pars, quae ~~consistit~~ in denso medio [[nucleus atomicus\|nucleo]] consistit, a [[nubes electronum\|nube]] [[electron]]um [[onus electricum\|negative oneratorum]] cincto. [[Nucleus atomicus]] ~~continet~~ mixturam continet [[proton]]um positive oneratorum et electrice neutra [[neutron]]a (excepto casu [[hydrogenium-1\|hydrogenii-1]], solum stabilis [[nuclidum\|nuclidi]] nulla neutrona habentis). Electrona atomi ad nucleum a [[vis electromagnetica\|vi electromagnetica]] conligantur. Simile, atomi inter se ligati manere possunt, [[molecula]]m formantes. Atomus qui aequalem protonum electronumque numerum continet electrice est neuter; aliter, onus vel positivum vel negativum habet, et ergo est [[ion]]. Atomus classificatur secundum numerum protonum neutronumque in nucleo: [[numerus atomicus\|numerus protonum]] [[elementum chemicum]] constituit, et [[numerus neutronum]] elementi [[isotopus\|isotopum]] constituit.<ref name=leigh1990>{{cite book \| editor=Leigh, G. J. \| year=1990 \| title=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, [[Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry]] - Recommendations 1990 \| publisher=Blackwell Scientific Publications \| isbn=0-08-022369-9 \| page=35 \| location=Oxford \| quote=An atom is the smallest unit quantity of an element that is capable of existence whether alone or in chemical combination with other atoms of the same or other elements. }}</ref> Protona et neutrona e [[quarcum\|quarciis]] deducuntur. == Historia == [[Philosophus]] [[Graecia\|Graecus]] [[Democritus]] erat, qui cogitabat omnem materiam non esse dividuam.<!-- A-tomos Graece idem siginificat quod [[lingua Latina\|Latine]] in-divid-uus. (Adnotavi qui sensus etymologiae inesset.) --> [[Isidorus ~~hispalensis~~Hispalensis]] docebat: :Atomos philosophi vocant quasdam in mundo corporum partes tam minutissimas ut nec visui pateant nec (tomnu), id est sectionem, recipiant; unde et (atomoi) dicti sunt. Hi per inane totius mundi inrequietis motibus volitare et huc atque illuc ferri dicuntur, sicut tenuissimi pulveres qui infusi per [[fenestra]]s radiis solis videntur. Ex his [[arbor]]es et [[herba]]s et fruges omnes oriri, ex his ignem et aquam et universa gigni atque constare quidam philosophi gentium putaverunt. . . . Atomus ergo est quod dividi non potest, ut in [[geometria]] punctus. == Plus == Si numerus [[electron]]um inaequalis [[numerus atomicus\|numero]] [[proton]]um sit, non de atomo, sed de [[ion]]te dicitur. Artes [[chemica]] et [[physica]] sunt [[scientia]]e, quae de atomis docent: chemica docet atomos et ionta fingere molecula et alias structuras materiei; physica docet de compositione atomorum et de transmutatione atomorum (fissione vel fusione nucleorum). == Vide etiam == * [[Bomba atomica]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == ~~Nexus externi~~ Bibliographia== L'Annunziata, Michael F. [[2003]]. ''Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis.'' Academic Press/ ISBN 0-12-436603-1. Beyer, H. F., et V. P. Shevelko. [[2003]]. ''Introduction to the Physics of Highly Charged Ions.'' CRC Press. ISBN 0-7503-0481-2. Choppin, Gregory R., Jan-Olov Liljenzin, et Jan Rydberg. [[2001]]. ''Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry.'' Elsevier. ISBN 0-7506-7463-6. Demtröder, Wolfgang. [[2002]]. ''Atoms, Molecules and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic- Molecular- and Quantum Physics.'' Springer. ISBN 3-540-20631-0. [[Ricardus Feynman\|Feynman, Richard]]. [[1995]]. ''Six Easy Pieces.'' The Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-027666-1. Fowles, Grant R. [[1989]]. ''Introduction to Modern Optics.'' Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-65957-7. Gangopadhyaya, Mrinalkanti. [[1981]]. ''Indian Atomism: History and Sources. Atlantic Highlands Nivae Caesareae: Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-02177-X. Goodstein, David L. [[2002]]. ''States of Matter.'' Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-49506-X. Jevremovic, Tatjana. [[2005]]. ''Nuclear Principles in Engineering.'' Springer. ISBN 0-387-23284-2. Kirchhoff, Hans-Werner. [[2001]]. ''Vorstellungen vom Atom 1800-1934.'' Aulis Verlag Deubner. ISBN 3-7614-2300-4. Lequeux, James. [[2005]]. ''The Interstellar Medium.'' Springer. ISBN 3-540-21326-0. Liang, Z.-P., E. M. Haacke, et J. G. Webster, eds. [[1999]]. ''Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering: Magnetic Resonance Imaging.'' John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-13946-7, S. 412–426 (PDF). Mills, Ian, Tomislav Cvitaš, Klaus Homann, Nikola Kallay, et Kozo Kuchitsu. [[1993]]. ''Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry.'' Ed. 2a. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission on Physiochemical Symbols Terminology and Units. Oxoniae: Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. Myers, Richard. [[2003]]. ''The Basics of Chemistry.'' Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31664-3. Padilla, Michael J., Ioannis Miaoulis, et Martha Cyr. [[2002]]. Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Chemical Building Blocks. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Novae Caesareae. ISBN 0-13-054091-9. Pfeffer, Jeremy I., et Shlomo Nir. [[2000]]. ''Modern Physics: An Introductory Text.'' Imperial College Press. ISBN 1-86094-250-4. Ponomarev, Leonid I. [[1993]]. ''The Quantum Dice.'' Ed. 2a. Institute of Physics Pub. ISBN 0-7503-0251-8. Shultis, J. Kennth, et Richard E. Faw. [[2002]]. ''Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering.'' CRC Press. ISBN 0-8247-0834-2. Siegfried, Robert. [[2002]]. ''From Elements to Atoms: A History of Chemical Composition.'' Transactions of the Americal Philosophical Society, 92, 4. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-924-9. Sills, Alan D. [[2003]]. ''Earth Science the Easy Way.'' Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 0-7641-2146-4. Smirnov, Boris M. [[2003]]. ''Physics of Atoms and Ions.'' Springer. ISBN 0-387-95550-X. Teresi, Dick. [[2003]]. ''Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science-from the Babylonians to the Maya.'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-4379-X, S. 213–214. Lide, David R., ed. [[2002]]. ''Handbook of Chemistry & Physics.'' Ed. 88a. CRC. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 (Online, abgerufen am 23. Mai 2008). Woan, Graham Woan. [[2000]]. '' The Cambridge Handbook of Physics.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57507-9. Zaider, Marco, et Harald H. Rossi. [[2001]]. ''Radiation Science for Physicians and Public Health Workers.'' Springer. ISBN 0-306-46403-9. Zumdahl, Steven S. [[2002]]. ''Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation.'' Ed. 5a. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-34342-3. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost07/Isidorus/isi_et13.html Isidorus Hispalensis: De etymologiarum liber XIII De mundo et partibus] Caput II De Atomis

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