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[[Fasciculus:Iglu 1999-04-02.jpg|thumb|Iglu ante [[Cape Dorset, Nunavut|Kinngait]], in australi [[Insula Baffin|Insulae Baffin]] regione]]
'''Iglu''' (-ūs, ''n.''; [[lingua Groenlandica|Groenlandice]]: ''iglu'', pl. ''igluit,'' [[Anglice]]: ''igloo'') est refugium [[nix|nive]] compressa [[aedificium|aedificatum]], fere forma [[tholus|concamerationis]].<!--[[Fasciculus:Igloo see-through sideview diagram.png|thumb|Sideview diagram; opening to the right. Yellow signifies ground.]]-->
[[Fasciculus:Igloo_spirale.jpg|thumb|Modus laterum niveorum ponendi.]]
<!-- Although iglooit are usually associated with all [[Inuit]], they were predominantly constructed by people of [[Canada]]'s [[Central Arctic]] and [[Greenland]]s [[Qaanaaq|Thule]] area. Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate their houses which consisted of whalebone and hides. The use of snow is due to the fact that snow is an insulator (due to its low density). On the outside, temperatures may be as low as -45 [[Celsius|°C]] (-49 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]), but on the inside the temperature may range from -7 °C (19 °F) to 16 °C (61 °F) when warmed by body heat alone<ref>[http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/125/2/Igloo.pdf How Warm is an Igloo?, BEE453 Spring 2003 Rich Holihan, Dan Keeley, Daniel Lee, Powen Tu and Eric Yang (PDF)]</ref>.
[[Fasciculus:EskimoIglooDrawing.jpeg|thumb|Adumbratio partis interioris iglus Alascensis anni 1916]]
[[ ImageFasciculus:Igloo outside.jpg|thumb| right|ADomus snow house madenivea in [[ FinlandFinnia]] aedificata]] ▼
==Vide Types of igloo etiam==
* [[Castellum niveum]]
There are three types of igloo, all of different sizes and all are used for different purposes.
* [[Caverna nivea]]
The smallest of all iglooit was constructed as a temporary shelter. [[Hunting|Hunters]] while out on the land or sea ice camped in one of these ''iglooit'' for one or two nights.
Next in size was the semi-permanent, intermediate sized [[family]] dwelling. This usually was a single room dwelling that housed one or two families. Often there were several of these in a small area, which formed an "Inuit [[village]]".
The largest of the igloos was normally built in groups of two. One of the buildings was a temporary building constructed for special occasions, the other was built near by for living. This was constructed either by enlarging a smaller igloo or building from scratch. These could have up to five rooms and housed up to 20 people. A large igloo may have been constructed from several smaller igloos attached by their tunnels giving a common access to the outside. These were used to hold community feasts, traditional dances (see [[Inuit music]]) and [[Inuit throat singing|Katajjaq]].
== Constructing an igloo ==
[[Image:Igloo see-through sideview diagram.png|thumb|right|'''Igloo''', Sideview diagram; opening to the right. Yellow signifies ground.]]
The snow used to build an igloo must have sufficient structural strength to be cut and stacked in the appropriate manner. The best snow to use for this purpose is snow which has been blown by wind, which can serve to compact and interlock the ice crystals. The hole left in the snow where the blocks are cut from is usually used as the lower half of the shelter. Sometimes, a short tunnel is constructed at the entrance to reduce wind and heat loss when the door is opened. Due to snow's excellent insulating properties, inhabited igloos are surprisingly comfortable and warm inside. In some cases a single block of ice was inserted to allow light into the igloo.
[[Image:Igloo_spirale.jpg|left|thumb|'''Igloo''', Snowbrick laying method.]]
[[Architecture|Architecturally]], the igloo is unique in that it is a dome that can be raised out of independent blocks leaning on each other and polished to fit without an additional supporting structure during construction. The igloo, if correctly built, will support the weight of a person standing on the roof. Also, in the traditional Inuit igloo the heat from the ''kulliq'' (stone lamp) caused the interior to melt slightly. This melting and refreezing built up an ice sheet and contributed to the strength of the igloo.
[[Image:EskimoIglooDrawing.jpeg|thumb|right|A 1916 drawing of the interior of an Alaskan igloo]]
The sleeping platform is a raised area compared to where one enters the igloo. Because warmer air rises and cooler air settles, the entrance area will act as a cold trap whereas the sleeping area will hold whatever heat is generated by a stove, lamp or body heat.
== Modifications ==
The Central Inuit, especially those around the [[Davis Strait]], line the living area with skin, which can increase the temperature within from around 2 °C (36 °F) to 10-20 °C (50-68 °F).
== Heraldry ==
In [[heraldry]], the igloo appears as the crest in the [[Coat of arms of Nunavut|coat of arms]] of [[Nunavut]].
== Other kinds of snowhouses ==
▲[[Image:Igloo outside.jpg|thumb|right|A snow house made in [[Finland]]]]
For fun, or for winter [[camping]] and [[Survivalism|survival]] purposes, it is possible to construct a simple, but similar kind of snow shelter (called a [[quinzhee]] in some areas) by creating a large pile of snow and excavating the inside. The snow need not be of the same quality as required for an igloo, and the construction is more forgiving. Such shelters are usually not as sturdy and permanent as proper igloos. After the snow is piled up it needs to be compacted for instance by patting the pile with hands or a spade, since a fresh pile of snow may not be stable.
Before excavating one can put sticks in the roof and wall approximately 10 in (25 cm) deep to be used as a guide when digging out the interior. A trick to building a snowhouse much faster and with less labor is to first make a pile of [[cardboard boxes]] and then cover the box pile with snow. Then cut open the door and pull out the boxes. This means one needs to use much less snow or can build a much bigger snowhouse.
To make the snowhouse more robust, one should pour water over it ''after'' cutting the door. This makes it harder and sturdier; furthermore its slipperiness discourages anyone from climbing on top of it. People climbing on the house are the primary reason why snowhouses [[Cave-in|collapse]], a collapsing snowhouse can be very dangerous if someone gets caught inside. Just as in an [[avalanche]] the weight of the snow often makes it impossible to dig oneself free. [[Asphyxia|Suffocation]] may occur if the occupants are not rescued quickly enough.
==See also==
* [[Snow cave]]
* [[Snow fort]]
* [[Quinzhee]]
==FootnotesNotae==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
<references /> -->
== Fontes ==
* Condon, Richard G., Julia Ogina, et senes [[Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories|Holman]]. ''The Northern Copper Inuit.'' ISBN 0-8020-0849-6.
* [http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/igloo.html Iglu—Concameratio Nivis Translatitica Arctica] {{ling|Anglice}} ▼
== Nexus externi ==
{{Communia|Igloo}}
* [http://www.benmeadows.com/refinfo/Tips/Article1.htm De constructione iglus, a Hugh McManners] {{ling|Anglice}}
▲* [http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/igloo.html Iglu—Concameratio Nivis Translatitica Arctica ,] apud situm kstrom.net {{ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.nfb.ca/enclasse/doclens/visau/index.php?mode=view&filmId=11340&language=english&sort=title# Quomodo iglu aedificetur] {{ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.usap.gov/travelAndDeployment/documents/FieldManual-Chapt11SnowShelters.pdf "Field Manual for the U.S. Antarctic Program Chapter 11 Snow Shelters pp. 140-145,"] apud situm usap.gov {{ling|Anglice}}
{{aedi-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Aedificia et structurae in Groenlandia]]
[[Categoria:Aedificia et structurae in Nunavut]]
[[Categoria:Aedificia et structurae in Territoriis Boeroccidentalibus]]
[[Categoria:Aedificia et structurae nive vel glacie factae]]
[[Categoria:Genera domorum]]
[[Categoria:Cultura Groenlandica]]
[[Categoria:Cultura Inuit]]
[[Categoria:Nix]]
[[Categoria:Tholi]]
[[Categoria:Verba Inuktitut]]
[[af:Igloe]]
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