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Linea 1: [[Fasciculus:EDCX.JPG\|thumb\|Cixi Imperatrix Vidua]] '''Cixi''' ([[Lingua Sinensis\|Sinensi]]: 慈禧太后 ''Cíxǐ Tàihòu'' ~ ''Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-Hou''), in [[Sina]] vulgo dicta '''Imperatrix Vidua Occidentalis''' ([[Lingua Sinensis\|Sinensi]]: 西太后) ([[29 Novembris]] [[1835]] – [[15 Novembris]] [[1908]] [[Pecinum\|Pechini]]), gentis [[Yehenara]]e tribus [[Manchu]], fuit blanda valensque, quae domus [[Qing]] procuratrix regni Sinarum de facto quadraginta septem annos rexit, ab anno [[1861]] ad mortem. Orsa est in familia mediocri Manchu. <!--and having been selected by the [[Xianfeng Emperor]] as a concubine, she exercised almost total control over the court under the nominal rule of her son the [[Tongzhi Emperor]] and her nephew the [[Guangxu Emperor]], both of whom unsuccessfully attempted to rule in their own right. She was largely conservative during her rule, and many historians considered her reign [[despotic\|despotism]], and attribute the fall of the [[Qing Dynasty]], and therefore Imperial China, as a result of Cixi's rule.--> '''Cixi Imperatrix Vidua''' {{IPA\|[t͡sʰɨɕi]}} ([[Lingua Sinensis\|Sinensi]]: 慈禧太后 ''Cíxǐ Tàihòu'' ~ ''Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-Hou''), in [[Sina\|Sinis]] vulgo '''Occidentalis Imperatrix Vidua''' appellata ([[Lingua Sinensis\|Sinensi]]: 西太后) ([[29 Novembris]] [[1835]]; [[15 Novembris]] [[1908]] [[Pecinum\|Pechini]]), gentis [[Nara (gens)\|Yehenara]]e tribus [[Manchu]], fuit figura blanda valensque, quae [[Domus Qing\|Domum Qing]] procuratrix in [[Sina (regio)\|Sinis]] quadraginta septem annos, ab anno [[1861]] ad [[mors\|mortem]] anno [[1908]], [[de facto]] rexit. Ipsa adulescens, ab [[Imperator Xianfeng\|Imperatore Xianfeng]] [[concubina]] delecta, ordines in eius ''harem''{{dubsig}} scandit, et filium peperit qui, Xianfeng mortuo, [[Imperator Tongzhi]] factus est. Ea, gregem procuratorum regni ab imperatore demortuo creatorum superans, regni procurationem sibi cum [[Ci'an Imperatrix Vidua\|Ci'an Imperatrice Vidua]] super filium iuvenem adrogavit, et deinde suam potestatem confirmavit et regnum paene absolutum super domum instituit. Filium sororis<!--vel fratris?--> [[Imperator Guangxu\|Imperatorem Guangxu]] anno [[1875]] creavit. Ea, rectrix nihil in imperio immutari volens, quae Occidentalis administrationis exemplaria asciscere recusavit, opiniones emendatorum de administratione reiecit et postremo Guangxu in custodiam domesticam (''under house arrest'') dedit cum ipse emendatores sustineret. Renovationem autem [[technologia\|technologicam]] et [[res militaris\|militarem]] exercituum Sinicorum adiuvavit. Copiis Sinicis a [[Ronglu]] per [[Seditio Pugilum\|Seditionem Pugilum]] contra [[Foedus Octo Nationum]] traditis,<!--sabotaged--> necessitates exteriores interioresque eam compulerunt ad conandas commutationes institutorum effectorum et ad creandos ministros qui [[societas hominum\|societatem]] corrigere volebant. Ad extremum, ea paucos annos mortua, Domus Qing concidit. == Aetate puerili ==▼ [[Fasciculus:The Cixi Imperial Dowager Empess of China (1).PNG\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Stat Cixi pro sede in conclave privato intra Conciliabulum Felicitatis Longinquitatisque Vitae Palatii Aestivi]]▼ Origines Imperatoricis Cixi sunt incertae, sed plurimae biographiae habent eam filiam Huizheng (惠征), magistratus humilis Mansiuensis [[Yehenara]]e gentis, et uxoris principalis, ex Futsia (富察), Mansiuensi gente. Cixi nata est die [[29 Novembris]] [[1835]].<!--▼ [[Historia\|Rerum gestarum scriptores]] inclinationum et [[Kuomintang]] et [[Factio Communistica Sinensis\|Communisticae]] eam tyrannum usitate depinxerunt, mulieremque sceleratam, a qua casum [[Domus Qing]] reposcunt, sed historici annos recentiores subiciunt eam fuisse victimam impedimentorum praeter suas potestates, ducem aliis ducibus non inhumaniorem, atque adeo ultimos [[vita]]e suae annos emendatricem efficacem, quamquam invitam.<ref>Sue Fawn Chung, "The Much Maligned Empress Dowager: A Revisionist Study of the Empress Dowager Tz'u-Hsi (1835-1908)," ''Modern Asian Studies'' 13.2 (1979): 177-196.</ref> ===[[Seditio Pugilum]]===▼ Anno [[1900]], Cixi's support of the self-strengthening movement was again called into question when the [[Boxer Rebellion]] broke out in northern China. Eager to preserve traditional Chinese values, Empress Dowager Cixi threw in her lot with the rebels, making an official announcement of her support for the movement. When the Westerners responded by dispatching the [[Eight-Nation Alliance]], the Chinese military, badly underdeveloped due to Empress Dowager Cixi's habit of filching military funds, was unable to prevent the technologically-advanced Allied army from marching on Peking and seizing the [[Forbidden City]]. Cixi, along with the Guangxu Emperor and the Longyu Empress, embarked on a western trek to [[Xi'an]] as they fled the Forbidden City. Determined to prevent another Chinese rebellion, the Western powers imposed a humiliating treaty on China, and Empress Dowager Cixi, with no military forces capable of protecting even her own palace, was forced to sign. The treaty demanded the presence of an international military force in China and the payment of [[Pound sterling\|£]]67 million (almost $333 million) in [[war reparations]]. ▲== Aetate puerili == ▲[[Fasciculus:The Cixi Imperial Dowager Empess of China (1).PNG\|thumb\|~~300px\|right\|Stat~~ Cixi pro sede in conclave privato intra Conciliabulum Felicitatis Longinquitatisque Vitae Palatii Aestivi stat.]] ▲Origines Cixi Imperatoricis ~~Cixi~~Viduae sunt incertae, sed plurimae ~~biographiae habent~~[[biographia]]e eam habent filiam Huizheng (惠征), magistratus humilis Mansiuensis [[~~Yehenara]]e~~Nara (gens)\|Yehenarae gentis]], et uxoris principalis, ex Futsia (富察), Mansiuensi gente, ortae. Cixi nata est die [[29 Novembris]] [[1835]]. . . .<!--PLUS IN EN: ▲===[[Seditio Pugilum]]=== ==Names of Empress Dowager Cixi==--> [[Fasciculus:The Portrait of the Qing Dynasty Cixi Imperial Dowager Empress of China in the 1900s.PNG\|thumb~~\|300px\|right~~\|Cixi.; ~~Oleo~~[[oleum\|oleo]] pinxit quidam pictor Occidentalis]] == ~~Fontes~~ Notae== <references/> ==Fontes== * Chung, Sue Fawn. [[1979]]. "The Much Maligned Empress Dowager: A Revisionist Study of the Empress Dowager Tz'u-Hsi (1835-1908)." ''Modern Asian Studies'' 13(2):177–196. * Hummel, Arthur William, ed. [[1943]]. ''Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912).'' 2 vols. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. Line 17 ⟶ 23: == Nexus externi == {{wikiquote}}▼ * http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blbio_cixi.htm?terms=cixi * http://www.royalty.nu/Asia/China/TzuHsi.html Line 24 ⟶ 29: * http://solongletty.tripod.com/princessderling * [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/da-cixi.html Cixi: The Woman Behind the Throne (Smithsonian.com)] ▲{{wikiquote}} {{bio-stipula}} Line 32 ⟶ 38: [[Categoria:Imperatores Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Manchu]] [[Categoria:1000 paginae]]▼ [[Categoria:Mulieres]] ▲[[Categoria:1000 paginae]] [[ar:تسي شي]]

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