|
[[Fasciculus:Plant_cell_structure_Italian.png|thumb|300px|Cellula]]
'''Cellula''' (-ae, ''f.'') est minima [[vita]]e pars, sive [[eucaryota]]rum sive [[bacterium|bacteriorum]] sive [[archaea|archaeorum]], et efficiens omnium [[organismus|organismorum]] notorum res. Cellulae a [[Robertus Hooke|Roberto Hooke]] anno [[1665]] repertae sunt, qui primus cognovit [[planta]]s cellulis constitutas esse. Cellula est minima structura quaquae res viva describitur, et saepe appellatur elementum vitae.<ref name="Alberts2002">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=Cell+Movements+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Vertebrate+Body+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+374635%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4.section.3919 Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body] in capitulo 21 libri [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=cell+biology+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+373693%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4 ''Molecular Biology of the Cell,''] ed. 4a, a Bruce Alberts (2002) editi et a Garland Science divulgati.<!-- The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing [[embryo]]s.--> Parvae moleculae sicut [[acidum aminum|acida amina]] saepe Anglice describuntur ut "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=%22all+cells%22+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+372023%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4.section.4#23 molecular building blocks."]</ref> Aliqui organismi, sicut plurima [[bacteria]], sunt [[unicellularitas|unicellulares]] (in cellulam unam consistentes); alii organismi, sicut [[homo|homines]], sunt [[multicellularitas|multicellulares]]. Hominibus sunt circa 100 "trillion"{{dubsig}} (10<sup>14</sup>) cellulae; magnitudo cellulae typicae est 10 [[micrometrum|µm]], et typica cellularum massa est 1 [[nanogramma]]. Maximae cellulae sunt circa 135 µm in [[anterius cornu|anteriore cornu]] (vel anteriore columna vel cornu ventrali) [[medulla spinalis|medullae spinalis]], dum [[cellulae granulares]] in [[cerebellum|cerebello]], minimae cellulae, sunt circa 4 µm, et longissima cellula a pedis digito ad inferiores [[truncus encephali|trunci encephali]] [[Neuron pseudounipolare|cellulas pseudounipolares]] extendere potest.<ref>{{YouTube|id=EvrWHa1PLUQ|title=Integrative Biology 131 - Lecture 03: Skeletal System}} primi duodecim minuti acroasis a Mariana Diamond factae cellulas tractat.</ref> Maximae cellulae notae sunt infertilia ''[[Struthio camelus|Struthionis cameli]]'' [[ovum|ova]], quae 3.3 librarum ponderis sunt.<ref>{{cite book | last = Campbell | first = Neil A. | authorlink = | coauthors = Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden | title = Biology: Exploring Life | publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall | date = 2006 | location = Boston, Massachusetts | pages = | url = http://www.phschool.com/el_marketing.html | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-13-250882-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Mitzi Perdue |url=http://www.eggscape.com/birds.htm |title=Facts about Birds and Eggs |accessdate=2010-04-15}}</ref>
In animantibus superioribus, nonnullae cellulae similes quod ad structuram pertinet et quae idem officium perficiunt, [[textum (biologia)|texta]] et in animalibus superioribus multa texta varia [[membrum (anatomia)|membra]] corporis constituunt.
Cellulae eukaryoticae etiam cytoplasmatum, item [[alimentum|alimentorum]], [[DNA]], et [[ribosoma]]tum usitate utuntur. Nam [[Cytoplasma]] organella habet, quae multorum factorum necessariorum funguntur. [[Mitochondrium|Mitochondria]] saccharum in [[ATP]] convertit, [[chloroplasta]]e [[lux|lucem]], [[aqua]]m, et [[carbonii dioxidum]] in G3P (quod saccharum) fit convertit. [[Corpus Golgi|Corpora Golgi]], reticulum endoplasmicum, [[lysosoma]]ta, et alia organella in systema endomembranae funguntur, portantia [[proteinum|proteina]] facta trans et ex cellula. DNA harum cellularum tegminis tegentur, et haec moles "[[nucleum cellulae|nucleum]]" vocatur.
Hae cellulae a flagellis, [[cilium|ciliis]], anaut molibus cytoplamatis sui (pseudopodiae vocantur) tendendo movent.
==Notae==
|
