Quantum redactiones paginae "Tympanum" differant

[[Fasciculus:Surdo22animal.JPG|thumb|[[Surdo]], tympanum Brasilianum]]

[[Fasciculus:DrumMozartRegiment.jpg|thumb|Tympanum a [[Ioannes Unger|Ioanne Unger]], Manipulus B, 40a Lego, Novi Eboraci "Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart," 20 Decembris 1863]]

 

'''Tympanum''' est [[instrumentum musicum]] classis [[membranophonium|membranophoniorum]].<ref name=grove>{{cite book|title=[[Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|The New Grove Encyclopædia of Music and Musicians]]|edition=2nd|first=George|last=Grove|authorlink=George Grove|editor=[[Stanley Sadie]]|year=2001|month=January|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries of Music|pages=Volume 5, pp. 638–649|isbn=1561592390.}}</ref> Tympana consistunt in saltem unum [[membranum|membrano]], vel naturali vel artificioso, [[tympani caput|tympani capite]] vel simpliciter [[cutis|cuti]] appellato, quod trans formam saepissime [[circulus|circuli]] [[cylindrus|cylindrive]] similem extentum adfigitur. [[Sonus]] vel recta ab ictu manus vel oblique ab ictu [[virga]]e usitate efficitur. <!--Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the [[Tambourine#Thumb_roll|thumb roll]]. --> Tympana sunt inter antiquissima et longe lateque diffusissima orbis terrarum instrumenta, quorum lineamenta principalia milia annorum eadem manserunt.<ref name=grove>{{cite book|title=[[Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|The New Grove Encyclopædia of Music and Musicians]]|edition=2nd|first=George|last=Grove|authorlink=George Grove|editor=[[Stanley Sadie]]|year=2001|month=January|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries of Music|pages=Volume 4, pp638–649|isbn=1561592390}}</ref><!--Cum tympanum intervallis temporis certis verberatur, sonus metitur tempus musicae. =mainly Western tympani-->

 

==De tympanis traditionis agro-pastoralis Italiae==

In traditione agro-pastorali Italiae medio-meridianae parvum tympanum invenitur corona lignea constituitum, super quam pellis tenditur. Circum coronam ligneam tintinnabula adesse possunt ad adiuvandum ac augendum sonitum. Eo nomen est: "''Tamburello''"<ref>In [[Marchiae | Marchiis]] regione videtur usui fuisse etiam tympanum sine membrana, vocatum: ''cembera''.</ref>. Solito "Tamburello" instrumenta comitatur in saltationem<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueFdJPbxjY8 Exemplum paulum] instrumentorum iunctorum "tamburello" in [[tarantella]].</ref> : "[[Utriculus | utriculum]]" (italiane: ''Zampogna''), parvum mobile organum folle (ita.: "Organetto"<ref>In latinum vertere possimus: ''Organellum''.</ref>), sed etiam solam vocem in cantu.