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Linea 1: {{Calendarium-Februarii}} {{L-1}} '''29''' Februarii est dies insolitissimus. Modo accidit semel per quattuor annos. Dies 60ª anni est in [[Calendarium Gregorianum\|Calendario Gregoriano]]. 306 dies manent. Line 19 ⟶ 20: {{menses}} ~~<!--~~ February 29th, or [[bissextile]] day, is the 60th day of a ''[[leap year]]'' in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], with 306 days remaining. A year which has a February 29 is, by definition, a ''leap year''. This date only occurs every four years, in years evenly divisible by 4, such as 1988, 1996, or 2008, with the exceptions in century years not divisible by 400, such as 1900. ~~==Leap years==~~ ~~{{main article\|Leap year}}~~ Leap years come about mainly due to a technicality in the number of days in a year. ''Technically,'' a year consists of '''365 days and 6 hours.''' Therefore, every four years, an extra day is added to account for the extra twenty-four hours that have accumulated. A century year, that is, a year which ends in two zeros (1800, 1900, 2000, etc.), is not a leap year unless it is also evenly [[division\|divisible]] by 400. This means that the year 2000 was a leap year and 2400 and 2800 will also be, but 1800 and 1900 were not leap years, and the years 2100, 2200, and 2300 will not be leap years either. To correct a slight inaccuracy that remains in the Gregorian Calendar, it has been proposed that years evenly divisible by 4000 should not be leap years, but this rule has not been officially adopted. Because of this, a leap day is more likely to fall on a Monday than on a Sunday. If, for example, February 29 falls on a Sunday, you would expect it to fall on Sunday again after 28 years, but if there's a century year in these 28 years, the pattern can become disrupted. The [[Gregorian calendar]] repeats itself every 400 years, and 400 years have 97 leap days, which is not divisible by seven, so these days can never be distributed evenly. A leap day on a Sunday occurs 13 times in these 400 years, so approximately every 30.8 years, a Monday however occurs 15 times, which is roughly every 26.7 years. The concepts of the leap year and 'leap day' are distinct from the [[leap second]], which is necessitated by changes in the Earth's rotational speed. Those who are born on this day usually celebrate their birthdays on [[February 28]] or [[March 1]] during non-leap years. In the comic musical ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]'', Frederic, born on February 29, was [[apprentice]]d to a band of [[pirate]]s until his 21st [[birthday]], in theory until he was 88 years old (as his lifetime included a non-leap centennial year). This day may be colloquially termed a ''leap day'', though in the [[Roman calendar]] it was [[February 24]] in a leap year which was added, giving the name of "bissextile" day or extra sixth day in the lead up to the 'Kalends' of March. The Romans, realizing the need for an extra day, chose [[February 24]] in particular only because it followed the last day of their year, which at that point in history was [[February 23]]. An English law of [[1256]] decrees that in leap years the leap day and the day before are to be reckoned as one day for the purpose of calculating when a full year has passed; thus, in England and Wales a person born on February 29 legally reaches the age of 18 or 21 on [[February 28]] of the relevant year. In the [[European Union]], February 29 only officially became the leap day in 2000. There is a quaint [[tradition]] that women may make a proposal of marriage to men only on February 29; this is a tightening of an older tradition that such proposals may only occur in leap years. In 1288 the Scottish parliament legislated that any woman could propose in Leap Year. Another component of this tradition was that if the man rejects the proposal, he should soften the blow by providing a kiss, one pound currency and a pair of gloves (some later sources say a silk gown). There were similar notions in France and Switzerland. In France, there is a humorous periodical called ''La Bougie du Sapeur'' (the Sapper's Candle) published every February 29 since 1980. The name is a reference to the sapeur Camembert. In 2004, the seventh number of ''La Bougie du Sapeur'', subtitled ''Dimanche'', was published. The eighth issue will be published in 2008. ~~==Events==~~ [[1504]] - [[Christopher Columbus]] uses his knowledge of a lunar [[eclipse]] that night to convince [[Native Americans (Americas)\|Native Americans]] to provide him with supplies. [[1704]] - [[Queen Anne's War]]: [[France\|French]] forces and [[Native American (U.S.)\|Native American]]s attack and destroy [[Deerfield, Massachusetts]], killing 100 men, women, and children. [[1712]] - February 29 is followed by [[February 30]] in [[Sweden]], in a move to abolish the [[Swedish calendar]] for a return to the [[Julian calendar\|Old style]]. [[1720]] - Queen [[Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden]] abdicates in favour of her husband, who becomes King [[Frederick I of Sweden\|Frederick I]]. [[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Kilpatrick-Dahlgren raid]] fails - Plans to free 15,000 [[United States\|Union]] soldiers being held near [[Richmond, Virginia]] are thwarted. [[1892]] - [[St. Petersburg, Florida]] incorporated. [[1916]] - [[Child labor]]: In [[South Carolina]], the minimum [[working age]] for factory, mill, and mine workers is raised from twelve to fourteen years old. [[1932]] - [[TIME]] magazine features eccentric [[United States\|American]] politician [[William H. Murray\|William "Alfalfa" Murray]] on its cover after Murray stated his intention to run for [[President of the United States]]. [[1936]] - [[Baby Snooks]], played by [[Fanny Brice]], debuts on the [[radio]] program [[The Ziegfeld Follies of the Air]]. [[1940]] - For her role as Mammy in ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)\|Gone with the Wind]]'', [[Hattie McDaniel]] becomes the first [[African American]] to win an [[Academy Awards\|Academy Award]]. * 1940 - [[Finland]] initiates [[Winter War]] peace negotiations * 1940 - In a ceremony held in [[Berkeley, California]] due to the [[World War II\|war]], physicist [[Ernest Lawrence]] receives his 1939 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] from the [[Sweden]]'s [[Consul General]] in [[San Francisco]]. [[1944]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Admiralty Islands]] are invaded in the American General [[Douglas MacArthur]]-led [[Operation Brewer]]. [[1952]] - The island of [[Heligoland]] is restored to [[Germany\|German]] authority. [[1956]] - U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] announces to the nation that he is running for a second term. (He defeats [[Adlai E. Stevenson]] that [[November 6]], in a rematch of the [[1952]] election.) [[1960]] - An earthquake in [[Morocco]] kills over 3,000 people and nearly destroys [[Agadir]] in the southern part of the country. [[1964]] - In [[Sydney]], Australian swimmer [[Dawn Fraser]] sets a new world record in the 100-meter freestyle [[swimming]] competition (58.9 seconds). [[1972]] - [[Vietnam War]]: [[Vietnamization]] - [[South Korea]] withdraws 11,000 of its 48,000 troops from [[Vietnam]]. * 1972 - [[Hank Aaron]] becomes the first player in the history of [[Major League Baseball]] to sign a $200,000 contract. [[1984]] - [[Canada\|Canadian]] Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] announces he will retire as soon as the [[Liberal Party of Canada\|Liberals]] can elect another leader. [[1988]] - [[South Africa]]n archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] is arrested along with 100 clergymen during a five-day anti-[[apartheid]] demonstration in [[Cape Town]] [[1996]] - Novelist [[Joan Collins]] awarded US $1 million from [[Random House]] for breach of contract. 1996 - A Peruvian [[Boeing 737]] crashes in the Andes, killing 123 people. [[2000]] - Six year old [[Dedrick Owens]] shoots and kills [[Kayla Rolland]], also six years old, at Theo J. Buell Elementary School in Mount Morris Township, Michigan. Rolland is currently the youngest victim of a [[school shooting]] [http://archives.cnn.com/2000/US/02/29/school.shooting.02/] [[2004]] - [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] resigns as [[President]] of [[Haiti]] following popular rebel uprising. * 2004 - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' wins the [[Best Picture]] Oscar, along with 10 other awards, at the [[76th Academy Awards\|76th Annual Academy Awards]]. ~~==Births==~~ ~~[[Leapling]] Births:~~ ~~A person who was born on [[29 February]] may be called a "[[leapling]]". In non-leap years they usually celebrate their birthday on [[28 February]] or [[1 March]].~~ For legal purposes, their legal birthdays depend on how different laws count [[time interval]]s. In [[Taiwan]], for example, the legal birthday of a leapling is [[28 February]] in common years, so a Taiwanese leapling born on [[29 February]] [[1980]] would have legally reached 18 years old on [[28 February]] [[1998]]. "If a period fixed by weeks, months, and years does not commence from the beginning of a week, month, or year, it ends with the ending of the day which proceeds the day of the last week, month, or year which corresponds to that on which it began to commence.　 But if there is no corresponding day in the last month, the period ends with the ending of the last day of the last month.<ref>Article 121 of the [[s:Civil Code Part I General Principles\|]] of the [[Republic of China]] in effect in Taiwan</ref>" There are many instances in children's literature where a person's claim to be only a quarter of their actual age turns out to be based on counting their leap-year birthdays. A similar device is used in the plot of the [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] [[operetta]] ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]''. [[1468]] - [[Pope Paul III]] (d. [[1549]]) [[1692]] - [[John Byrom]], English poet (d. [[1763]]) [[1736]] - [[Ann Lee]], American founder of Shakers (d. [[1784]]) [[1792]] - [[Gioacchino Rossini]], Italian composer (d. [[1868]]) [[1840]] - [[John Philip Holland]], Irish inventor (d. [[1914]]) [[1852]] - [[Frank Gavan Duffy]], Australian judge (d. [[1936]]) [[1860]] - [[Herman Hollerith]], American statistician (d. [[1929]]) [[1896]] - [[Morarji Desai]], [[Prime Minister of India]] (d. [[1995]]) [[1896]] - [[William A. Wellman]], American film director (d. [[1975]]) [[1904]] - [[Jimmy Dorsey]], American bandleader (d. [[1957]]) * 1904 - [[Pepper Martin]], baseball player (d. [[1965]]) [[1908]] - [[Balthus]], French-Polish painter (d. [[2001]]) 1908 - [[Dee Brown (novelist)\|Dee Brown]], American writer and historian (d. [[2002]]) * 1908 - [[Alf Gover]], English cricketer (d. [[2001]]) [[1916]] - [[Dinah Shore]], American singer (d. [[1994]]) [[1920]] - [[James Mitchell (actor)\|James Mitchell]], American actor * 1920 - [[Michèle Morgan]], French actress * 1920 - [[Howard Nemerov]], American poet (d. [[1991]]) [[1924]] - [[Al Rosen]], baseball player 1924 - [[Carlos Humberto Romero]], President of [[El Salvador]] (1977-1979) [[1928]] - [[Joss Ackland]], English actor 1928 - [[Tempest Storm]], actress and burlesque performer [[1932]] - [[Jaguar (cartoonist)\|Jaguar]], Brazilian cartoonist [[1936]] - [[Jack Lousma]], astronaut * 1936 - [[Henri Richard]], Canadian hockey player * 1936 - [[Alex Rocco]], American actor [[1940]] - [[Patriarch Bartholomew I]] of Constantinople [[1944]] - [[Phyllis Frelich]], deaf American actress/Tony Winner * 1944 - [[Dennis Farina]], American actor * 1944 - [[Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri]], Italian illustrator * 1944 - [[Ene Ergma]], Estonian politician [[1952]] - [[Tim Powers]], American writer 1952 - [[Raisa Smetanina]], Russian cross-country skier * 1952 - [[Bart Stupak]], American politician [[1956]] - [[Jonathan Coleman]], Anglo-Australian radio and television personality 1956 - [[Bob Speller]], Canadian politician * 1956 - [[Aileen Wuornos]], American serial killer (d. [[2002]]) * 1956 - [[J. Randy Taraborrelli]], American celebritiy journalist [[1960]] - [[Ian McKenzie Anderson]], British [[musician]] and [[record producer]] 1960 - [[Richard Ramirez]], American serial killer * 1960 - [[Tony Robbins]], American motivational speaker [[1964]] - [[Lyndon Byers]], Canadian hockey player [[1968]] - [[Chucky Brown]], American basketball player 1968 - [[Pete Fenson]], American curler 1968 - [[Gonzalo Lira]], Chilean-American novelist and filmmaker * 1968 - [[Bryce Paup]], American football player [[1972]] - [[Antonio Sabato Jr.]], Italian-born actor 1972 - [[Dave Williams (musician)\|Dave Williams]], American singer ([[Drowning Pool]]) (d. [[2002]]) * 1972 - [[Pedro Zamora]], Cuban-born American AIDS activist (d. [[1994]]) [[1976]] - [[Ja Rule]], American rapper and actor [[1980]] - [[Simon Gagné]], Canadian hockey player * 1980 - [[Taylor Twellman]], American soccer player * 1980 - [[Tom Long (historian)]], Canadian historian [[1984]] - [[Darren Ambrose]], English footballer 1984 - [[Cam Ward]], Canadian hockey player ~~==Deaths==~~ [[1528]] - [[Patrick Hamilton (martyr)\|Patrick Hamilton]], Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b. 1504) [[1592]] - [[Alessandro Striggio]], Italian composer [[1604]] - [[John Whitgift]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. 1530) [[1744]] - [[John Theophilus Desaguliers]], French philosopher (b. 1683) [[1820]] - [[Johann Joachim Eschenburg]], German literary critic (b. 1743) [[1868]] - [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]] (b. 1786) [[1928]] - [[Ina Coolbrith]], first poet laureate of California (b. 1841) [[1940]] - [[Edward Frederic Benson]], American writer (b. 1867) [[1944]] - [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]], [[President of Finland]] (b. 1861) [[1956]] - [[Elpidio Quirino]], [[President of the Philippines]] (b. 1890) [[1968]] - [[Tore Ørjasæter]], Norwegian poet (b. 1886) [[1980]] - [[Gil Elvgren]], American artist (b. 1914) [[1992]] - [[Ruth Pitter]], English poet (b. 1897) [[2004]] - [[Jerome Lawrence]], American playwright (b. 1915) ~~==Holidays and observances==~~ [[Bahá'í Faith]] - Day 4 of [[Ayyám-i-Há]] (Intercalary Days) (in leap years only) - days in the [[Bahá'í calendar]] devoted to service and gift giving. [[Discordianism]] - St. Tib's Day. ~~==Calendar reform proposals==~~ In some calendar reform proposals like [[The 30x11 Calendar]], February 29 occurs every year and is an advantage to people born on February 29, but in [[The 30x11 Calendar]], there is a new leap day called [[December 36]]. ~~==External links==~~ * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/29 BBC: On This Day] * [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20040229.html ''The New York Times'': On This Day] * [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Feb&day=29 On This Day in Canada] ~~----~~ ~~{{months}}~~ ~~[[Category:February]]~~ ~~[[Category:Unusual dates]]~~ ~~-->~~ [[Categoria:Dies]]

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