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Maafa

Maafa, vel Holocaustum Africanum, vel Holocaustum Servitutis, vel Holocaustum Nigrum,[1][2][3] est generalis Africanorum vexatio et eius historia.[4][5][6][7] Maafa coepisse habetur per mercatum Arabicum servorum et mercatum Atlanticum servorum, et per imperialismum, colonialismum, et alia vexationum genera quae usque ad hodiernum diem duraverunt.[8][9][10][11][12][13][7]

Usus verbi maafa, ex vocabulo Suahilico pro 'calamitate', 're terribili', vel 'magna tragoedia' deducti,[14][15] in linguam Anglicam in libro Let the Circle Be Unbroken: The Implications of African Spirituality in the Diaspora Marimbae Ani introductus est.[16][17] Nomen populo acceptum decennio 200 factum est.[18]

Bibliographia

recensere
  • Anderson, S. E. 1995. The Black Holocaust For Beginners. Writers & Readers.
  • Ani, Marimba. (1980), 1988. Let The Circle Be Unbroken: The Implications of African Spirituality in the Diaspora. Novi Eboraci: Nkonimfo Publications.
  • Clarke, John Henrik, ed. 1972. World's Great Men Of Color. 2 vol. Novi Eboraci: Collier-MacMillan.
  • DeGruy, Joy. 2005. Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome.
  • The Negro Impact on Western Civilization. 1970. Novi Eboraci: Philosophical Library.
  • Quarles, Benjamin. 1964. The Negro in the Making of America.
  • Rodney, Walter. 1974. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Vasingtoniae: Howard University Press.
  • van Sertima, Ivan, ed. The Journal of African Civilization.

Nexus interni

Notae

recensere
  1. ↑ William Wright points to the differences between black history, and African history, and argues that the African Holocaust is a major reason why these two histories are not synonymous: William D. Wright, Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography, p. 117.
  2. ↑ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz" 
  3. ↑ Ryan Michael Spitzer, "The African Holocaust: Should Europe pay reparations to Africa for Colonialism and Slavery?", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 35, 2002, p. 1319.
  4. ↑ Joseph Barndt, Understanding and Dismantling Racism: The Twenty-First Century (2007), p. 269.
  5. ↑ Omari H. Kokole, The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui.
  6. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140801203647/http://humanrights.uconn.edu/documents/papers/Howard-Hassmann_Slavetrade.pdf Reparations for the Slave Trade: Rhetoric, Law, History and Political Realities”
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lee Jones, et Cornel West, Making It on Broken Promises: Leading African American Male Scholars Confront the Culture of Higher Education (2002), p. 178.
  8. ↑ "African Holocaust" 
  9. ↑ http://books.google.co.za/books?id=8KKeSy7AhpAC&pg=PA164&dq=African+holocaust&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BDDJT_XLKMGJhQeByqjnDw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=African%20holocaust&f=false Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography, William D. Wrigh
  10. ↑ Barndt, Joseph. Understanding and Dismantling Racism: The Twenty-First Century. 2007, page 269.
  11. ↑ Omari H. Kokole, The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui.
  12. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140801203647/http://humanrights.uconn.edu/documents/papers/Howard-Hassmann_Slavetrade.pdf "Reparations for the Slave Trade: Rhetoric, Law, History and Political Realities."
  13. ↑ Ryan Michael Spitzer, "The African Holocaust: Should Europe pay reparations to Africa for Colonialism and Slavery?", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 35, 2002, p. 1319.
  14. ↑ O. J. Harp, Across Time: Mystery of the Great Sphinx (2007), p. 247.
  15. ↑ Cheeves, Denise Nicole (2004). Legacy. p. 1 
  16. ↑ Nah Dove, Afrikan Mothers: Bearers of Culture, Makers of Social Change (1998), p. 240.
  17. ↑ Vivian Gunn Morris, et Curtis L. Morris, The Price They Paid: Desegregation in an African American Community (2002), p. x.
  18. ↑ Pero Gaglo Dagbovie (2010). African American History Reconsidered. University of Illinois Press. p. 191 

Nexus externi

recensere
  • De Maafam, www.africanholocaust.net/html_ah.holocaustspecial.htm
  • De Maafam, www.africanholocaust.net (African Holocaust Society)
 
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